The Cycle of Violence
Abstract
Despite widespread belief that violence begets violence, methodological problems substantially restrict knowledge of the long-term consequences of childhood victimization. Empirical evidence for this cycle of violence has been examined. Findings from a cohort study show that being abused or neglected as a child increases one's risk for delinquency, adult criminal behavior, and violent criminal behavior. However, the majority of abused and neglected children do not become delinquent, criminal, or violent. Caveats in interpreting these findings and their implications are discussed in this article.
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Childhood maltreatment is a pleiotropic risk factor influencing multiple pathophysiological pathways and outcomes, including psychiatric disorders, health behaviors, and crime.
“Third, childhood maltreatment is a pleiotropic risk factor influencing multiple pathophysiological pathways and outcomes [e.g., psychiatric disorders (31), health behaviors (19), and crime (12)].”
From Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
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Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., Piquero, A. R., Greenwald, M. A., & Epps, N. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0573-4 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Adolescent girls and criminal activity: Role of MAOA-LPR genotype and psychosocial factors
Sjöberg, R. L., Nilsson, K. W., Wargelius, H., Leppert, J., Lindström, L., & Oreland, L. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30360 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bevilacqua, L. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.152 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Lukas, M., Bredewold, R., Landgraf, R., Neumann, I. D., & Veenema, A. H. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.11.007 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Herrenkohl, T. I., Fedina, L., Roberto, K. A., Raquet, K. L., Hu, R. X., Rousson, A. N., & Mason, W. A. (2022) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020939119 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Minzenberg, M. J., Poole, J. H., & Vinogradov, S. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000163 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Allwood, M. A., & Bell, D. J. (2008) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20277 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Early Trauma and Inflammation: Role of Familial Factors in a Study of Twins
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MAOA‐uVNTR and early physical discipline interact to influence delinquent behavior
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Epigenetic alterations associated with war trauma and childhood maltreatment
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Self-citationDating violence among emancipating foster youth
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The Cycle of Violence: Examining the Impact of Maltreatment Early in Life on Adult Offending
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Childhood maltreatment and violence: Mediation through psychiatric morbidity
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Neuroanatomical changes in a mouse model of early life neglect
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- Authors
- Widom, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Widom, Cathy Spatz
- ORCID
- Widom, Cathy Spatz
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1989-04-14
- Volume
- 244
- Issue
- 4901
- Pages
- 160-166
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2001533613
- Cited by
- 1,976
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 92
- FWCI
- 24.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2s07rr007031-27)
- National Center for Research Resources (S07-RR07031)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Keywords
- cycle of violence, child victimization, child abuse, child neglect, juvenile delinquency, violent crime, long-term effects of abuse, cohort studies
- MeSH terms
- Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Crime, Humans, Infant, Juvenile Delinquency, United States, Violence
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