The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Spirituality and health.
Abstract
The role of spiritual and religious factors in health, viewed from a scientific perspective, has been yielding interesting if not intriguing results. In general, studies have reported fairly consistent positive relationships with physical health, mental health, and substance abuse outcomes, mostly using cross-sectional or prospective designs. Some spiritual or religious factors, however, have failed in some studies to demonstrate significant outcomes. Empirical relationships have been commonly based on only a few questionnaire items. Adequate controls for possible moderating or confounding factors that could explain health outcomes have often been missing. A healthy skepticism seems called for, given the need to clarify and refine concepts, such as spirituality; to develop comprehensive assessments; and to conduct experimentally designed studies. Although the overall evidence is promising enough to warrant careful and expanded study, the need for a methodological pluralism in research and for cultural sen...
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine
Engel, G. L. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.847460 · Cited by 12,887
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.
Rutter, M. (1987) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x · Cited by 5,831
The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature.
James, W. (1902) · doi:10.1037/10004-000 · Cited by 5,204
Health, stress and coping: (530902004-001)
(1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e530902004-001 · Cited by 3,691
EFFECT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT ON SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
Spiegel, D., Kraemer, H., Bloom, J., & Gottheil, E. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91551-1 · Cited by 2,353
(1991) · Cited by 1,644
Religion and spirituality: unfuzzying the fuzzy
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T. G., Hipp, K. M., Scott, A. B., & Kadar, J. L. (1997) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1387689 · Cited by 1,543
The Psychology of Religion and Coping
McFadden, S. H., & Pargament, K. I. (1998) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1387534 · Cited by 1,441
Crumbaugh, J. C., & Maholick, L. T. (1964) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(196404)20:2<200::aid-jclp2270200203>3.0.co;2-u · Cited by 1,198
Cited by
Spirituality, religion, and health: An emerging research field.
Miller, W. R., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.24 · Cited by 1,437
Self-citationReligiousness/Spirituality and Health: A Meaning Systems Perspective
Park, C. L. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9111-x · Cited by 438
Volunteerism and Mortality among the Community-dwelling Elderly
Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., & Mcmahon, K. (1999) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910539900400301 · Cited by 401
Self-citationTartaro, J., Luecken, L. J., & Gunn, H. E. (2005) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105305057311 · Cited by 164
Spiritual Care Training Provided to Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review
Paal, P., Helo, Y., & Frick, E. (2015) · Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications · doi:10.1177/1542305015572955 · Cited by 158
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, W. R., & Thoresen, C. E.
- Venue
- Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for practitioners.
- Publisher
- American Psychological Association
- Published
- 1999
- Pages
- 3-18
- OpenAlex
- W2903280321
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 22.58
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spirituality and health. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/10327-001
- The paper
- Miller, W. R., & Thoresen, C. E. (1999). Spirituality and health. Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for practitioners. https://doi.org/10.1037/10327-001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
