The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Very first impressions.
Abstract
First impressions of people's personalities are often formed by using the visual appearance of their faces. Defining how quickly these impressions can be formed has critical implications for understanding social interactions and for determining the visual properties used to shape them. To study impression formation independent of emotional cues, threat judgments were made on faces with a neutral expression. Consequently, participants' judgments pertained to the personality rather than to a certain temporary emotional state (e.g., anger). The results demonstrate that consistent first impressions can be formed very quickly, based on whatever information is available within the first 39 ms. First impressions were less consistent under these conditions when the judgments were about intelligence, suggesting that survival-related traits are judged more quickly. The authors propose that low spatial frequencies mediate this swift formation of threat judgments and provide evidence that supports this hypothesis.
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“research shows that in human-human interaction, first impressions, formed within milliseconds [28], are difficult to lose.”
From Embodied Conversational Agent Appearance for Health Assessment of Older Adults: Explorative Study (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
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Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger
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Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions
Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1057 · Cited by 1,117
A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition
Bar, M. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321662976 · Cited by 900
Self-citationErrors and mistakes: Evaluating the accuracy of social judgment.
Funder, D. C. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.75 · Cited by 882
Fear, Vigilance, and Ambiguity
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.837 · DOI
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The Social Brain: Neural Basis of Social Knowledge
Adolphs, R. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514 · Cited by 1,827
The functional basis of face evaluation
Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105 · Cited by 1,819
The proactive brain: using analogies and associations to generate predictions
Bar, M. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.005 · Cited by 1,144
Self-citationSocial Attributions from Faces: Determinants, Consequences, Accuracy, and Functional Significance
Todorov, A. T., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R., & Mende‐Siedlecki, P. (2014) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831 · Cited by 1,090
Evaluating Faces on Trustworthiness After Minimal Time Exposure
Todorov, A. T., Pakrashi, M., & Oosterhof, N. N. (2009) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.813 · Cited by 784
Metadata
- Authors
- Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 269-278
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2153109382
- Cited by
- 693
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation (21002039)
- MIND Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Keywords
- first impressions, face perception, personality judgment, intelligence judgments, low spatial frequency, facial appearance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Awareness, Cues, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Social Perception, Visual Perception
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