The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Should I stay or should I switch? A cost-benefit analysis of voluntary language switching in young and aging bilinguals
Open accessAbstract
Bilinguals spontaneously switch languages in conversation even though laboratory studies reveal robust cued language switching costs. The authors investigated how voluntary-switching costs might differ when switches are voluntary. Younger (Experiments 1-2) and older (Experiment 3) Spanish-English bilinguals named pictures in 3 conditions: (a) dominant-language only, (b) nondominant-language only, and (c) using "whatever language comes to mind" (in Experiment 2, "using each language about half the time"). Most bilinguals, particularly balanced bilinguals, voluntarily mixed languages even though switching was costly. Unlike with cued switching, voluntary switching sometimes facilitated responses, switch costs were not greater for the dominant language, and age effects on language mixing and switching were limited. This suggests that the freedom to mix languages voluntarily allows unbalanced and older bilinguals to function more like balanced and younger bilinguals. Voluntary switch costs reveal an expanded role for inhibitory control in bilingual language production and imply a mandatory separation by language in bilingual lexical selection.
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“Performance on these tasks reveals systematic deficits for bilingual participants, particularly in semantic fluency conditions [33–37], even if responses can be provided in either language [38].”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
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Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001 · Cited by 1,386
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Green, D. W., & Gollan, T. H. (2009) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100610387084 · Cited by 753
Self-citationGollan, T. H., Weissberger, G. H., Runnqvist, E., Montoya, R. I., & CERA, C. M. (2011) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728911000332 · Cited by 556
Self-citationPrior, A., & Gollan, T. H. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711000580 · Cited by 509
Self-citationMisra, M., Guo, T., Bobb, S. C., & Kroll, J. F. (2012) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.05.001 · Cited by 338
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollan, T. H., & Ferreira, V. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California System (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 640-665
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- PMC
- PMC2864120
- OpenAlex
- W1990859675
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD050287)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC00191)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 HD051030, P50 AG05131)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- bilingual speech production, switch costs, age effects, Spanish-English bilinguals, code-mixing, inhibitory control, word choice, balanced bilingualism, picture naming
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Attention, Choice Behavior, Cues, Female, Humans, Language Development, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Semantics, Verbal Learning, Volition, Multilingualism, Young Adult
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