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Cited by 485Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and DisordersCategorization, perception, and language

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Should I stay or should I switch? A cost-benefit analysis of voluntary language switching in young and aging bilinguals

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Gollan, Tamar H., Ferreira, Victor S.·2009·Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition
DOI 10.1037/a0014981PMC PMC2864120
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Abstract

Bilinguals spontaneously switch languages in conversation even though laboratory studies reveal robust cued language switching costs. The authors investigated how voluntary-switching costs might differ when switches are voluntary. Younger (Experiments 1-2) and older (Experiment 3) Spanish-English bilinguals named pictures in 3 conditions: (a) dominant-language only, (b) nondominant-language only, and (c) using "whatever language comes to mind" (in Experiment 2, "using each language about half the time"). Most bilinguals, particularly balanced bilinguals, voluntarily mixed languages even though switching was costly. Unlike with cued switching, voluntary switching sometimes facilitated responses, switch costs were not greater for the dominant language, and age effects on language mixing and switching were limited. This suggests that the freedom to mix languages voluntarily allows unbalanced and older bilinguals to function more like balanced and younger bilinguals. Voluntary switch costs reveal an expanded role for inhibitory control in bilingual language production and imply a mandatory separation by language in bilingual lexical selection.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Baayen RH 2008 Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press
  2. Gumperz JJ 1982 Discourse strategies Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press
  3. Myers-Scotton C 1997 Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching Oxford, England Oxford University Press (Original work published 1993)

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Metadata

Authors
Gollan, T. H., & Ferreira, V. S.
Affiliations
University of California System (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2009
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
640-665
ISSN
  • 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1285
DOI
10.1037/a0014981
PMC
PMC2864120
OpenAlex
W1990859675
Cited by
485
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
FWCI
6.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD050287)
  • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC00191)
  • National Institutes of Health (R01 HD051030, P50 AG05131)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords
bilingual speech production, switch costs, age effects, Spanish-English bilinguals, code-mixing, inhibitory control, word choice, balanced bilingualism, picture naming
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Attention, Choice Behavior, Cues, Female, Humans, Language Development, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Semantics, Verbal Learning, Volition, Multilingualism, Young Adult

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