Cited by 2,048Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionDigital Games and MediaMedia Influence and Health

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Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in eastern and western countries: A meta-analytic review

Anderson, Craig A., Shibuya, Akiko, Ihori, Nobuko, Swing, Edward L., Bushman, Brad J., Sakamoto, Akira, Rothstein, Hannah R., Saleem, Muniba·2010·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/a0018251

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Abstract

Meta-analytic procedures were used to test the effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, empathy/desensitization, and prosocial behavior. Unique features of this meta-analytic review include (a) more restrictive methodological quality inclusion criteria than in past meta-analyses; (b) cross-cultural comparisons; (c) longitudinal studies for all outcomes except physiological arousal; (d) conservative statistical controls; (e) multiple moderator analyses; and (f) sensitivity analyses. Social-cognitive models and cultural differences between Japan and Western countries were used to generate theory-based predictions. Meta-analyses yielded significant effects for all 6 outcome variables. The pattern of results for different outcomes and research designs (experimental, cross-sectional, longitudinal) fit theoretical predictions well. The evidence strongly suggests that exposure to violent video games is a causal risk factor for increased aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, and aggressive affect and for decreased empathy and prosocial behavior. Moderator analyses revealed significant research design effects, weak evidence of cultural differences in susceptibility and type of measurement effects, and no evidence of sex differences in susceptibility. Results of various sensitivity analyses revealed these effects to be robust, with little evidence of selection (publication) bias.

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Authors: Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman, B. J., Sakamoto, A., Rothstein, H. R., & Saleem, M.
Affiliations: Iowa State University (US)
Keio University (JP)
Ochanomizu University (JP)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Baruch College (US)
ORCID: Anderson, Craig A.
Shibuya, Akiko
Swing, Edward L.
Bushman, Brad J.
Sakamoto, Akira
Rothstein, Hannah R.
Saleem, Muniba
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2010
Volume: 136
Issue: 2
Pages: 151-173
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/a0018251
OpenAlex: W2151922135
Cited by: 2,048
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 78 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 142 · 2019: 138 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 134 · 2016: 128 · 2015: 178 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 106
FWCI: 156.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: violent video games, aggression, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, empathy, desensitization, prosocial behavior, physiological arousal, cross-cultural comparison, Japan, Western countries, social cognitive model, sex differences, publication bias
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Affect, Aggression, Child, Child Behavior, Cognition, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Empathy, Female, Humans, Japan, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Behavior, United States, Violence, Video Games, Young Adult

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Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in eastern and western countries: A meta-analytic review

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