The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology.
Abstract
Personality trait dimensions are related to a wide variety of important life outcomes, such as mortality, physical and mental health, and interpersonal relationships. Nevertheless, the diagnostic system with arguably the most influence in mental health settings (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. [DSM-IV]) formally includes personality primarily in the form of 10 putatively categorical personality disorders. We advocate a more complete and extensive integration of personality in future DSMs, via the explicit inclusion of an empirically based, dimensional personality trait model. To justify this position, we provide a broad review of the ways in which personality traits have proven useful in the description and conceptualization of personality disorders and other mental disorders, as well as in the prediction of key clinical phenomena. We also discuss the importance of constructing a comprehensive quantitative model of psychopathology based on data, an endeavor that is motivated and informed by the close conceptual and empirical parallels between personality and psychopathology.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In particular, a compelling argument can be made for conceptualizing of and measuring mental disorders as extreme variants of personality traits (see Krueger and Eaton [2010] and ensuing commentary).”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Krueger and Eaton [2010]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,842
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,415
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,412
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Bhaskar, R. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203090732-9 · Cited by 7,765
Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
A Systematic Method for Clinical Description and Classification of Personality Variants: A Proposal
Cloninger, C. R. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014 · Cited by 3,678
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x · Cited by 2,361
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,345
Personality and the Prediction of Consequential Outcomes
Ozer, D. J., & Benet‐Martínez, V. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127 · Cited by 2,306
The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making.
Dawes, R. M. (1979) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.34.7.571 · Cited by 2,046
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 121 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–244 of 244
Farugie, A., Maukel, L., & Tibubos, A. N. (2025) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-025-02380-0 · Cited by 1
Personality Traits and Demographics Analysis in Online Mental Health Discourse
Aragón, M. E., Fernández-Pichel, M., & Losada, D. E. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2026.3674676 · Cited by 1
The Dimensionalization of Personality Pathology
Sharp, C., & Boone, K. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197769676.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Rezaee, M., Ahmadi, M., Goodarzi, S., & Shahahmadi, H. (2015) · International Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches · doi:10.4103/2395-2296.147470 · Cited by 1
Categorising Personality Disorder: Entering A New Dimension?
Thompson, S. B. N., & Macdonald, T. (2011) · Cited by 1
DYADIC OR MONADIC? A REVIEW ON PERSONALITY REFLECTIONS OF BILINGUALS
ÇİFTCİ, H., & Üstünel, E. (2022) · International Journal of Current Approaches in Language Education and Social Sciences · doi:10.35452/2022.2 · Cited by 1
Duarte, P. M., & de Araújo, U. F. (2022) · EccoS – Revista Científica · doi:10.5585/eccos.n63.23287 · Cited by 2
Neuroticismo em pacientes com transtorno da personalidade borderline hospitalizados
Gasparetto, L. G., & Hutz, C. S. (2017) · Revista Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.15689/ap.2017.1604.12839 · Cited by 1
The phenomenon of partner relationships in foreign psychological studies
Fedorova, T. A., & Zelikson, D. I. (2017) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2017060108 · Cited by 1
PDTRT special section: Treatment of personality.
Widiger, T. A. (2017) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000250 · Cited by 1
Raaijmakers, D., POLAK, M. G., Arends, L. R., van Eldik, W. M., & Prinzie, P. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2017-007 · Cited by 1
Antagonism and borderline personality disorder
Meyer, N. A., Min, J., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814627-9.00016-5 · Cited by 2
An interpersonal view of personality disorders
Jansana, P., & Mariafé, T. (2020) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University) · Cited by 1
An evaluation of Jung’s psychological types and their relationship to psychopathology
Rush, M. (2019) · Psychotherapy Section Review · doi:10.53841/bpspsr.2019.1.63.32 · Cited by 1
The FFOCI, and Other Measures and Models of OCPD
Pinsker, C. M. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1
Duarte, P. M. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.48.2021.tde-28062021-123023 · Cited by 1
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118099254.refs · Cited by 1
Stability of Behavior, Implications for Research
Hill, P. L., Allemand, M., & Roberts, B. W. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp213
Stringer, D. M. (2012) · doi:10.17077/etd.6zvtstc3
Gierowski, J. K. (2013) · Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)
Song, Y., Chen, Q., & Guan, Y. (1998) · PubMed
The bright and dark sides of personality, job performance, and imbalanced leadership in managers
Wiens, T. K. (2019) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0347527
Alternatief DSM-5 model voor persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
Ingenhoven, T., Hutsebaut, J., Saeger, H. D., Kaasenbrood, A., & Berghuis, H. (2017) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0931-3_9
Psychiatric Taxonomies and Corresponding Measures
Coulacoglou, C., & Saklofske, D. H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802219-1.00012-2
Personality, Sleep, and Mortality
Spears, S. K. (2018) · doi:10.33915/etd.6698
Integrative assessment of personality and psychopathology: A validation study with the MMPI-2-RF
van der Heijden, P. T. (2013) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Meat on the Mind: Associations Between Meat Consumption and Mental Health
Henningsen, R. (2020)
الحبشي, ن. م. (2021) · مجلة البحث العلمى فى التربية · doi:10.21608/jsre.2021.85307.1346
Shared Human and Unique Individual Experiences: Personality Development in Vulnerable Youth
Koster, N. (2023) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1845
Hashemi, E., Babajani, S., Honarmand, M. M., & Bassaknejad, S. (2022) · Utāq-i bāzargānī. · doi:10.61186/ijpb.16.1.165
Rexand-Galais, F., & Pithon, L. (2024) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2024.110806
Baikady, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1828-6_5
Dimensionale Ansätze in der Diagnostik und Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen
Kerber, A., Heim, P., & Remmers, C. (2025) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-2520-3727
Arif, M., Noor, R., Bokhary, S., Ashraf, A., & Saleem, T. (2026) · Qlantic journal of social sciences. · doi:10.55737/qjss.vii-i.26457
Nguyen, H. T., Khau, M., Nguyen, H., & Pham, H. (2025) · International Conference on Health Science and Technology (ICHST) · doi:10.1109/ichst66555.2025.11428741
Peshkopia, R., Savić, M., Savić-Bojanić, M., & ZOGAJ, B. (2026) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-026-02756-4
Wolf, T. G., Röthlin, C., Hilse, L., & Peter, B. (2026) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106866
Towards zebrafish models of personality disorders
Cai, H., Suo, Q., Li, Q., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Fu, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, X., Stewart, A., Perfilova, V. N., et al. (2026) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116406
Li, X., Zhong, J., Fan, S.-S., Yin, J.-Y., Gao, X., & Wei, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942305
Focal Article: Maladaptive Personality at Work: Exploring the Darkness.
Guenole, N. (2014) · Goldsmiths (University of London)
Metadata
- Authors
- Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. R.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97-118
- ISSN
- 1949-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-2723
- OpenAlex
- W2008882315
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 23.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- personality traits, personality disorders, DSM-5, psychopathology, psychiatric classification
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Models, Psychological, Personality, Personality Disorders, Psychopathology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
