Trauma reactivity, avoidant coping, and PTSD symptoms: A moderating relationship?
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In the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event, many individuals experience physiological reactivity in response to reminders of the traumatic event that typically lessens over time. However, an overreliance on avoidant coping strategies may interfere with the natural recovery process, particularly for those who are highly reactive to trauma reminders. In the current investigation, we examined avoidant coping as a moderator of the association between heart rate reactivity to a trauma monologue measured shortly after a traumatic event and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms measured several months later. Fifty-five female survivors of assault completed PTSD diagnostic interviews and a self-report coping measure and participated in a trauma monologue procedure that included continuous heart rate measurement. These procedures were completed within 1 month of the assault and again 3 months postassault. After we controlled for the effect of initial symptom levels, the interaction of heart rate reactivity to the trauma monologue and avoidant coping measured at Time 1 was associated with PTSD symptom severity at Time 2. Individuals who are relatively highly reliant on avoidant coping strategies and relatively highly reactive to trauma reminders may be at greatest risk of maintaining or potentially increasing their PTSD symptoms within the first few months following the trauma. These findings may help inform early intervention efforts for survivors of traumatic events.
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Adaptive coping strategies such as problem solving and seeking support mitigate the development of long-term mental health problems, and maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance, distraction, and substance use increase their likelihood.
“Coping styles, referring to how people handle stress or adversity, may also impact mental health, with adaptive coping strategies such as problem solving and seeking support mitigating the development of long-term mental health problems and maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance, distraction, and substance use increasing their likelihood (e.g., Kirby et al., 2011; Pineles et al., 2011;”
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- Authors
- Pineles, S. L., Mostoufi, S. M., Ready, C. B., Street, A. E., Griffin, M. G., & Resick, P. A.
- Affiliations
- VA Boston Healthcare System (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Missouri–St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 240-246
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC3336155
- OpenAlex
- W2027575391
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH46992)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, avoidance coping, heart rate reactivity, moderating effect, PTSD symptom severity, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, Survivors, Crime Victims
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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