Reduced heart rate responding to trauma reliving in trauma survivors with PTSD: Correlates and consequences
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The authors investigated whether heart rate (HR) responses to voluntary recall of trauma memories (a) are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and (b) predict recovery 6 months later. Sixty‐two assault survivors completed a recall task modeled on imaginal reliving in the initial weeks postassault. Possible cognitive modulators of HR responsivity were assessed; dissociation, rumination, trauma memory disorganization. Individuals with PTSD showed a reduced HR response to reliving compared to those without PTSD, but reported greater distress. Notably, higher HR response but not self‐reported distress during reliving predicted greater symptom reduction at follow‐up in participants with PTSD. Engagement in rumination was the only cognitive factor that predicted lower HR response. The data are in contrast to studies using trauma reminders to trigger memories, which have found greater physiological reactivity in PTSD. The authors' observations are consistent with models of PTSD that highlight differences between cued or stimulus‐driven retrieval and intentional trauma recall, and with E. B. Foa and M. J. Kozak's (1986) hypothesis that full activation of trauma memories facilitates emotional processing.
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None of the other studies using personalized trauma reminders or nightmare scripts found a relationship between heart rate and trait dissociation.
“None of the other studies using personalized trauma reminders (Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017; Castro-Chapman et al., 2018; Halligan et al., 2006; Schmahl et al., 2004) or nightmare scripts (Rhudy et al., 2008) found a relationship between HR and trait dissociation.”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Halligan et al., 2006
No effects of experimentally-induced peritraumatic dissociation on heart rate were observed by Halligan et al. (2006), Pole et al. (2006), and Kaufman et al. (2002).
“No effects of experimentally-induced peritraumatic dissociation on HR were observed by Halligan et al. (2006), Pole et al. (2006), and Kaufman et al. (2002).”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Halligan et al. (2006)
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- Authors
- Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Wilhelm, F. H., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- University of Basel (CH)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Halligan, Sarah L.
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 721-734
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W1966493878
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (069777)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, heart rate, rumination, dissociation, physiological reactivity, symptom recovery, emotional processing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Attention, Cues, Depressive Disorder, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Imagination, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Mental Recall, Sex Offenses, Statistics as Topic, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence
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