Personality traits prospectively predict verbal fluency in a lifespan sample.
Open accessAbstract
In a community-dwelling sample (N = 4,790; age range 14-94), we examined whether personality traits prospectively predicted performance on a verbal fluency task. Open, extraverted, and emotionally stable participants had better verbal fluency. At the facet level, dispositionally happy and self-disciplined participants retrieved more words; those prone to anxiety and depression and those who were deliberative retrieved fewer words. Education moderated the association between conscientiousness and fluency such that participants with lower education performed better on the fluency task if they were also conscientious. Age was not a moderator at the domain level, indicating that the personality-fluency associations were consistent across the life span. A disposition toward emotional vulnerability and being less open, less happy, and undisciplined may be detrimental to cognitive performance.
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Neuroticism was found to correlate with lower levels of verbal frequency, disfluencies, and incomplete sentences.
“Neuroticism was found to correlate with lower levels of verbal frequency, disfluencies, and incomplete sentences (Gawda, 2007;Sutin et al., 2011).”
From The Role of Personality in Language Learning (2026) · cites this paper as Sutin et al., 2011
The Results report that participants high in Neuroticism had lower verbal fluency. The Method defines fluency as the number of unique animal names produced in 60 seconds; the paper does not report an association with disfluencies or incomplete sentences. It also does not measure verbal frequency as such. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSubjects with high levels of neuroticism present increased disfluencies and incomplete sentences.
“whereas those with high levels of neuroticism present increased disfluencies and incomplete sentences (Gawda, 2007;Sutin et al., 2011).”
From The Role of Personality in Language Learning (2026) · cites this paper as Sutin et al., 2011
The Results report that participants high in Neuroticism had lower verbal fluency. But the Method (Verbal fluency; page unavailable) defines that measure as the number of unique animal names produced in 60 seconds, not disfluencies or incomplete sentences. The paper does not establish the specific speech patterns claimed. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A., Kitner-Triolo, M. H., Uda, M., Schlessinger, D., & Zonderman, A. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IT)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 994-999
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- PMC
- PMC3222775
- OpenAlex
- W2064308177
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- National Institute on Aging (R99 AG999999, ZIAAG000197, ZIAAG000183)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- personality traits, verbal fluency, Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, emotional stability, emotional vulnerability, anxiety, depression, happiness, self-control, deliberation, age differences, cognitive performance, lifespan
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Conscience, Educational Status, Emotions, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Personality, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Semantics, Temperament, Verbal Behavior, Linear Models, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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