Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA).
Abstract
Objective The present article presents an overview of theoretical constructs and mechanisms of health behavior change that have been found useful in research on people with chronic illness and disability. A self-regulation framework (Health Action Process Approach) serves as a backdrop, making a distinction between goal setting and goal pursuit. Risk perception, outcome expectancies, and task self-efficacy are seen as predisposing factors in the goal-setting (motivational) phase, whereas planning, action control, and maintenance/recovery self-efficacy are regarded as being influential in the subsequent goal-pursuit (volitional) phase. The first phase leads to forming an intention, and the second to actual behavior change. Such a mediator model serves to explain social-cognitive processes in health behavior change. By adding a second layer, a moderator model is provided in which three stages are distinguished to segment the audience for tailored interventions. Identifying persons as preintenders, intenders, or actors offers an opportunity to match theory-based treatments to specific target groups. Numerous research and assessment examples, especially within the physical activity domain, serve to illustrate the application of the model to rehabilitation settings and health promotion for people with chronic illness or disability. Conclusions/implications The theoretical developments and research evidence for the self-regulation framework explain the cognitive mechanisms of behav…
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The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) offers a general model about the management of healthy habits in chronic illnesses.
“From a psychological perspective, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) (166) offers a general model about the management of healthy habits in chronic illnesses.”
The HAPA model considers self-efficacy, results expectations, and removal of barriers, among others, to effectively adhere to and maintain a healthy habit.
“This model considers self-efficacy, results expectations, and removal of barriers among others, to effectively adhere to, and maintain a healthy habit.”
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“In addition, metaanalyses included aspects of the HAPA (e.g., planning: Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and risk perception: Milne, Sheeran, & Orbell, 2000; behavior change techniques: Michie, Abraham, Whittington, McAteer, & Gupta, 2009; stages, self-efficacy,…”
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- Authors
- Schwarzer, R., Lippke, S., & Luszczynska, A.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Constructor University (DE)
- Venue
- Rehabilitation Psychology
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 161-170
- ISSN
- 0090-5550 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1544
- OpenAlex
- W1988889621
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 31.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Rehabilitation Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- Health Action Process Approach, health behavior change, chronic disease, disability, self-regulation, goal setting, goal pursuit, risk perception, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, action control, personalized interventions, physical activity, medication adherence, rehabilitation, health promotion
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Goals, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Health Promotion, Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Patient Compliance, Social Control, Informal, Social Support, Health Behavior, Exercise, Risk Assessment, Self Efficacy, Intention
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