Correlates of reduced exercise behaviour in depression: the role of motivational and volitional deficits.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at uncovering the correlates of reduced exercise in depressive patients. On the basis of the Health Action Process Approach (Schwarzer, 2011 ), we hypothesised that reduced exercise in depressive patients can be explained by motivational deficits and volitional deficits. DESIGN: A longitudinal sample of 56 clinically depressive outpatients was compared to a sample of 56 parallelised non-depressive controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported intention, exercise, and motivational and volitional HAPA variables were measured with self-report questionnaires at baseline and four-week follow-up. RESULTS: Depressive patients showed a motivational deficit: they had significantly reduced intentions to exercise compared to non-depressive participants, and they suffered from reduced self-efficacy and increased negative outcome expectations. No differences were found with regard to positive outcome expectations. Depressive patients also showed a volitional deficit: depressive high-intenders were less capable of transforming their intention into action than non-depressive high-intenders. They produced less action plans, had less maintenance self-efficacy and were more easily distracted by barriers. CONCLUSION: The lower level of exercise among depressive patients is partly due to motivational, partly to volitional deficits. Interventions should be stage-matched and should focus on pessimistic beliefs (negative outcome expectations, self-efficacy) and planning deficits in depression.
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Among those who are physically able to exercise, lack of motivation is a significant factor preventing individuals with schizophrenia or MDD from adhering to AE interventions.
“Amongst those who are physically able to exercise, the lack of motivation is a significant factor preventing individuals with schizophrenia (Soundy et al., 2014) or MDD (Krämer et al., 2014) from adhering to AE interventions.”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Krämer et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Krämer, L. V., Helmes, A. W., Seelig, H., Fuchs, R., & Bengel, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Krämer, Lena V.
- Venue
- Psychology & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-07-15
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1206-1225
- ISSN
- 0887-0446 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8321
- OpenAlex
- W2024853103
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 18.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, exercise behavior, motivational deficits, Health Action Process Approach, exercise intention, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, action planning, barriers to exercise, stage-matched intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Volition, Exercise, Case-Control Studies, Self Efficacy, Intention, Young Adult, Self Report
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