The role of masculine norms and informal support on mental health in incarcerated men.
Open accessAbstract
Mental health problems, in general, and major depression in particular, are prevalent among incarcerated men. It is estimated that 23% of state inmates report experiencing symptoms of major depression. Despite the high rates of depressive symptoms, there is little understanding about the psychosocial factors that are associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms of incarcerated men. One factor relevant to the mental health of incarcerated men is their adherence to traditional masculine norms. We investigated the role of masculine norms and informal support on depressive and anxiety symptoms among 123 incarcerated men. The results revealed that adherence to the masculine norm of emotional control were negatively associated with depressive symptoms while heterosexual presentation and informal support were related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms. High levels of reported informal support moderated the effects of heterosexual presentation on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Public health and clinical implications are discussed.
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The 22-item CMNI demonstrates excellent concurrent validity, correlating well with the original instrument and other recognised measures of masculinity.
“The 22-item instrument, which uses the two highest loading items for each of the 11 factors on the parent instrument, demonstrates excellent concurrent validity, correlating well with the original instrument [21] and other recognised measures of masculinity like the Gender Role Conflict Scale, the Brannon Masculinity Scale and the Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale [22].”
From Masculinity and suicidal thinking (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Iwamoto, D. K., Gordon, D. M., Oliveros, A., Perez-Cabello, M. A., Brabham, T., Lanza, A. S., & Dyson, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 283-293
- ISSN
- 1524-9220 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-151X
- PMC
- PMC3489155
- OpenAlex
- W2116957852
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Connecticut's Court Support Services Division
- Family Reentry
- Connecticut’s Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services
- National Institute of Drug Abuse (5T32 019426–06, RO1-DA018730)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- masculine norms, emotional control, informal support, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, incarcerated men, prison mental health, major depressive disorder, moderating effect
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