Reducing depression in stroke survivors and their informal caregivers: A randomized clinical trial of a web-based intervention.
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To develop and test the efficacy of a Web-based intervention for alleviating depression in male stroke survivors (SSs) and their spousal caregivers (CGs) that blends both peer and professional support. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research consisted of an intervention protocol evaluated by a focus group of rehabilitation professionals, a "think aloud" session conducted with female stroke CGs, and a usability test of the intervention's online features with 7 female stroke CGs. Efficacy of the final protocol was tested in a 2-group randomized clinical trial with a sample of 32 CG-SS dyads. The CGs in the intervention condition received an online group intervention. Intervention components were based on the Stress Process Model. Those CGs in a control condition received minimal support with individualized access to relevant online information. Measures of depression, as well as the secondary outcomes of mastery, self-esteem, and social support, were obtained from SSs and CGs at pretest, posttest, and 1-month later. RESULTS: At posttest and 1 month later, CGs in the intervention condition reported significantly lower depression than CGs in the control condition with baseline depression controlled. There was no significant effect on depression among SSs. Although no significant treatment effects for either SSs or CGs were found on the secondary outcomes, posttreatment changes on some constructs were significantly correlated with change in depression. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: CGs benefit from Web-based programs that help them better understand both their emotional needs and those of the SS.
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The remaining intervention was also delivered to the dyad and was the only one with the dual focus on assisting caregivers manage their own depression as well as supporting them in managing the care recipients' depression.
“The remaining intervention was also delivered to the dyad and was the only one with the dual focus on assisting caregivers manage their own depression as well as supporting them in managing the care recipients' depression.67”
From Non-pharmacological Interventions for Caregivers with Depression and Caregivers of Care Recipients with Co-morbid Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
The Methods (Intervention Condition; page unavailable) describe a dual focus: helping caregivers reduce their own distress and provide emotional care to stroke survivors. But the Discussion (page unavailable) says stroke survivors were not directly involved, apart from homework interactions with caregivers, so describing the intervention as delivered to the dyad overstates their participation. The source also does not establish that it was the only intervention with this focus among those reviewed by the citing paper. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Smith, G. C., Egbert, N., Dellman-Jenkins, M., Nanna, K., & Palmieri, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Summa Health System (US)
- Venue
- Rehabilitation Psychology
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 196-206
- ISSN
- 0090-5550 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1544
- PMC
- PMC3434961
- OpenAlex
- W2005060132
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Rehabilitation Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Sponsor name not included (grant number R21NR010189-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- depression, stroke survivors, spousal caregivers, informal caregivers, online intervention, online group intervention, peer support, professional support, stress process model, mastery, self-esteem, social support, dyadic intervention
- MeSH terms
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self-Help Groups, United States, Multivariate Analysis, Caregivers, Telemedicine, Survivors, Spouses, Internet, Stroke, Social Networking
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