The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 61 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The hippocampus: a manifesto for change
Open accessAbstract
We currently lack a unified and mechanistic account of how the hippocampus supports a range of disparate cognitive functions that includes episodic memory, imagining the future, and spatial navigation. Here, we argue that in order to leverage this long-standing issue, traditional notions regarding the architecture of memory should be eschewed. Instead, we invoke the idea that scenes are central to hippocampal information processing. This view is motivated by mounting evidence that the hippocampus is constantly constructing spatially coherent scenes, automatically anticipating and synthesizing representations of the world beyond the immediate sensorium. By characterizing the precise relationship between scenes and the hippocampus, we believe a theoretically enriched understanding of its fundamental role and its breakdown in pathology can emerge.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Maguire argues that the hippocampus is not primarily an episodic memory device but instead automatically constructs spatially coherent scenes, a view termed scene construction theory (SCT). This framework is proposed to unify episodic memory, future imagining, spatial navigation, and related functions, with boundary extension and fMRI evidence cited as key support.
Key findings
- SCT posits that scenes are the “primary currency” of the hippocampus: it constructs atemporal, spatially coherent scenes that provide the backdrop for episodic memories, imagined future experiences, spatial navigation, and perhaps mind wandering and dreaming.
- In Mullally, Intraub, and Maguire (2012), seven patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia showed more veridical memory and significantly fewer boundary-extension errors than controls across three independent measures; in the haptic task, patients’ reconstructed scene areas did not differ significantly from studied scenes, whereas controls’ reconstructed scenes were significantly larger.
- In a scene probe task, these patients could recount expected beyond-view details conceptually but produced significantly fewer spatial details than controls and typically reported being unable to visualize the extended scene in their mind’s eye.
- Chadwick, Mullally, and Maguire (in press) found that boundary extension in healthy controls was associated with hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex engagement, with the hippocampus exerting top-down influence on PHC and early visual cortex; patient P01, densely amnesic but with preserved scene construction, engaged remnant right hippocampus during scene construction.
Methods
- Theoretical manifesto/review, not an empirical study; the authors synthesize neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings to propose SCT and compare it with alternative accounts such as relational memory, constructive episodic simulation, and cognitive map/boundary vector cell models.
- Evidence discussed includes prior studies of patients with bilateral hippocampal lesions/amnesia, including seven patients in Mullally et al. (2012) and patient P01, plus fMRI studies in healthy participants and P01.
- Main analysis is conceptual: the paper argues that scene construction, rather than memory or time, is the common hippocampal process underlying disparate functions.
Limitations
- The authors state their proposal is “not bulletproof” and requires a good deal more investigation; the piece is not intended as a forensic comparison of hippocampal theories or an exhaustive literature review.
- The authors state further work is needed to elucidate boundary extension in patients with lesions outside the hippocampus, to uncover exactly how the hippocampus facilitates scene construction, to examine its relationship with pattern separation and pattern completion, and to definitively establish that an inability to construct scenes explains the full constellation of deficits from hippocampal pathology.
- The text makes evident that no new primary data are reported and that some proposals are speculative, such as the suggestion that verbal memory tasks may benefit from scene-based imagery strategies; SCT could be falsified by a patient with impaired scene construction and preserved episodic memory, which has not yet been identified.
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In the paper
“Seven patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia correctly identified that the study and test pictures were identical with greater frequency than controls, demonstrating more veridical memory (see Figure 4b).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SCT posits that the hippocampus facilitates the construction of atemporal scenes allowing the event details of episodic memories and imagined future experiences to be martialed, bound and played out in a coherent spatial context.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first (the BE effect) requires intact scene construction because it involves the active extrapolation of the scene beyond its physical boundaries resulting in an internally generated “extended scene” representation, which persists when the scene is no longer visible.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In both instances, the amnesic patients’ BE was greatly attenuated.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SCT proposes that despite the differences between them, these functions each require a crucial ingredient that is supplied by the hippocampus, and that is the ability to internally construct spatially coherent scenes.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, it does not account for why patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot construct spatially coherent atemporal fictitious scenes (see Figure 1), a task that is not future oriented or personally relevant (Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, & Maguire, 2007; Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, & Maguire, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Indeed, a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study revealed that frontal and parietal cortices, but not the hippocampus, supported mental time travel (Nyberg et al., 2010).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nyberg et al., 2010
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Overall, it seems that although the conscious awareness of time could be a core component of episodic memory, and the hippocampus might make use of temporal information when pertinent to the task at hand (MacDonald, Lepage, Eden, & Eichenbaum, 2011), the evidence suggests that for the hippocampus, it may not be primarily about time (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hassabis & Maguire, 2007
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Overall, therefore, these hippocampal-damaged patients had significantly reduced BE relative to healthy-matched controls across three independent measures.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Importantly, the patients displayed greater confidence in their correct “the same” judgments than in their incorrect (BE-driven) closer-up responses (see Figure 4c).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 7Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
In the paper
“Although the margins for error here were large, the patients’ placement of the borders was so accurate that the area of their reconstructed scenes did not differ significantly from the area of the studied scenes. This was not the case for controls, whose reconstructed scenes were significantly larger than the studied scenes.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Andrews-Hanna, Reidler, Sepulcre, Poulin, and Buckner (2010) showed that imagining scenes actually accounted best for activity in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes, whereas other regions were concerned with the self and time.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Andrews-Hanna, Reidler, Sepulcre, Poulin, and Buckner, 2010
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They also made significantly fewer BE-driven errors (“closer-up” responses), whereas the number of random errors (“farther away” responses) did not differ between the groups.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mullally, Intraub, & Maguire, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“We know this because episodic memory subsumes multiple cognitive processes, some of which are not hippocampal dependent (Nyberg, Kim, Habib, Levine, & Tulving, 2010).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nyberg, Kim, Habib, Levine, & Tulving, 2010
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, scene construction is held to underpin not only episodic memory and imagining the future but also cognitive functions such as spatial navigation (see Figure 2), and perhaps even mind wandering and dreaming.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Episodic Memory and Imagination
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The findings that hippocampal activity appears to be correlated with the number of boundaries imagined during fMRI (Bird, Capponi, King, Doeller, & Burgess, 2010) and place cell activity becomes less spatially specific when boundaries are removed (Barry et al., 2006) appear to bolster this argument.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and the Cognitive Map Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bird, Capponi, King, Doeller, & Burgess, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Barry et al., 2006
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This led to the cognitive map theory, which posits that a fundamental function of the hippocampus is the construction and maintenance of allocentric spatial maps of the environment (O’Keefe & Nadel, 1978).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and the Cognitive Map Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites O’Keefe & Nadel, 1978
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The implication of this view is that the primary role of the hippocampus is not mnemonic.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite the rise and fall of imagery-based memory theories across the decades (Paivio, 1969), there is much evidence to suggest that visual imagery not only boosts paired-associate recall in healthy participants but also enabled patients with left temporal lobectomies to partially compensate for their verbal memory deficits (Jones, 1974).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Verbal Memory
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Paivio, 1969
- Not checked yetcites Jones, 1974
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Chadwick, Mullally, and Maguire (in press) found that in healthy controls, the extrapolation of scenes (the BE effect) occurred rapidly around the time a scene was first viewed and was associated with engagement of the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex (PHC; see Figure 6).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and Boundary Extension
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chadwick, Mullally, and Maguire, in press
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, scene construction is viewed as an essential component of episodic memory without which episodic memories could not be truly and vividly expressed.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > The Hippocampus and Episodic Memory
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, we suggest the hippocampus drives this automatic, anticipatory scene construction process, the product of which is fed back down the processing stream, enabling other areas to express the subjective experience of a seamless and continuous reality.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As far as we are aware, this makes SCT unique, as no other theory of hippocampal function has scenes at its core.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In this way, the hippocampus’ role in scene processing differs from the contributions of other so-called scene-selective brain regions like PHC, which is believed to represent the local visual scene (Epstein, 2008, 2011) or three-dimensional space (Mullally & Maguire, 2011; Zeidman, Mullally, Schwarzkopf, & Maguire, 2012), and retrosplenial cortex, which may play a specific role in representing”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Epstein, 2008, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Mullally & Maguire, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Auger, Mullally, & Maguire, 2012
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This finding accords with SCT in linking the hippocampus with scene construction but is at odds with the view of Squire et al. (2010), who argued that “for P01 future imagining was not hippocampal-dependent” (p. 19047; see also Maguire & Hassabis, 2011).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > The Hippocampus and Episodic Memory
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Squire et al. (2010)
- Not checked yetcites Maguire & Hassabis, 2011
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To summarize, although SCT does not preclude the existence of other mechanisms within the hippocampus, such as those that permit the binding of mnemonic details within a specific context (Ranganath, 2010), it maintains that for the hippocampus, scenes are special.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ranganath, 2010
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless, however, SCT does not permit the possibility that impaired scene construction could coexist with preserved episodic memory (the opposite pattern to that observed in P01) because within the SCT framework, scene construction and episodic memory are not considered to be independent processes.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > The Hippocampus and Episodic Memory
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They may in fact be restricted to what is in front of their eyes, deprived of a level of subjective continuity, unable to visualize what is outside of their immediate view, what is behind them, or what is just around the corner.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Current Exposition of the SCT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although SCT argues that the hippocampus is primarily concerned with constructing scenes, and this underpins episodic memory by providing the spatial backdrop within which an episodic memory is played out, SCT explicitly recognizes that episodic memory requires additional processes on top of this scene construction process (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007, 2009).”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > The Hippocampus and Episodic Memory
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hassabis & Maguire, 2007, 2009
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, the BVC model views boundaries as inward bounding (containing the space within specific boundaries), whereas SCT views boundaries (either physical boundaries such as walls or the edges of our current view) as outward looking, the point from which the hippocampus must extrapolate in order to make predictions about, and so imagine, the upcoming spatial environment.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Scene Construction and the Cognitive Map Theory
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For many of us, scenes are the language of thought, and we argue that the hippocampus actively and automatically predicts and constructs the scenes we need to fuel our cognition.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The construction of scenes and BE involve anticipating what is likely to be beyond the view.”
§ The Hippocampus: A Manifesto for Change > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is currently no unified and mechanistic account of how the hippocampus supports episodic memory, imagining the future, and spatial navigation.
“We currently lack a unified and mechanistic account of how the hippocampus supports a range of disparate cognitive functions that includes episodic memory, imagining the future, and spatial navigation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Scenes have not featured prominently in accounts of hippocampal function.
“Up until now, scenes have not featured prominently in accounts of hippocampal function.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The memory literature is awash with experiments investigating hippocampal processes that have used scene stimuli but that pay little or no attention to the effect of the scenes themselves.
“The memory literature is awash with experiments investigating hippocampal processes (such as associative memory) that have used scene stimuli but that pay little or no attention to the effect of the scenes themselves.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In fact, previous accounts suggested that prediction and mental imagery may involve overlapping brain mechanisms [6, 43, 44], and mental imagery might have evolved from predictive brain mechanisms.”
From Decoding sound and imagery content in early visual cortex (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?
Friston, K. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2787 · Cited by 8,120 · cited 2×
“This also resonates with emerging ideas concerning prior knowledge and schema (Tse et al., 2007), templates (Dragoi & Tonegawa, 2011), and predictive coding (Friston, 2010).”
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322 · cited 1×
“It is 56 years since formal cognitive studies of the human hippocampus began in earnest (Scoville & Milner, 1957), and yet we remain bereft of a widely agreed-upon answer to what it does.”
BackgroundThe hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat
O'Keefe, J., & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90358-1 · Cited by 6,151 · cited 1×
“The hippocampus has long been linked to spatial navigation, with place cells in the hippocampus exhibiting location-specific firing (O’Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971).”
BackgroundMemory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.2.195 · Cited by 5,376 · cited 1×
“Nor does it appear to be specifically concerned only with the conscious (declarative) expression of long-term memory (Squire, 1992; but see Hannula & Greene, 2012).”
BackgroundThe hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950 · cited 2×
“One process that episodic memory and imagining future events seem to share is a subjective sense of the self over time (“autonoesis”; Tulving, 2002), which is closely coupled with the capacity for mental time travel (the ability to project oneself forwards or backwards in time).”
BackgroundTulving, E. (1985) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0080017 · Cited by 4,638
Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Reidler, J. S., Sepulcre, J., Poulin, R., & Buckner, R. L. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.005 · Cited by 2,767
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 · Cited by 2,691
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“Together, the PPA and HPC are thought to support scene construction by binding disparate features and objects into integrated representations (Douglas et al., 2017; Maguire & Mullally, 2013).”
BackgroundEnhancing Feelings-of-Familiarity for Dynamic Scenes by Manipulating Relevance-of-ProcessingPreprint
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Postans, M. (2015) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Metacognitive awareness of associative learning: What underlies delayed judgments-of-learning?
Jersakova, R. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
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Fidalgo, C. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
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Rubin, D. C. (2018) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1700156x
Yearling, E. A. (2019) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Nagy, M. G. (2018) · Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem · doi:10.15476/elte.2017.114
de Melo, C. V. I. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2020.tde-29012021-103256
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Schultz, H., Sommer, T., & Peters, J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.460299
“…imaging and lesion studies, imply scene specialisation in the HC (Lee et al., 2005a, 2005b; Graham et al., 2006; Taylor et al., 2007; Zeidman et al., 2015), in line with a prominent role of the HC in spatial processing (Maguire and Mullally, 2013; Maguire et al., 2016; Bellmund et al., 2018).”
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Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.005
Fearing the Map: Representational Priorities and Referential Assumptions
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.008
Doubleness and Silence in Adventure and Spy Fiction
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.004
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.010
ReadingAsMapping, or, What Cannot Be Visualised
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.009
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.001
Mullally, S. L., Grafton-Clarke, D., Mawson, E. R., Unwin, M., Stapleton, M., Webber, K., Dodd, A., Pepper, G. V., Çokal, D., Robinson, L. J., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.04.16.22273926 · Cited by 2
“From this theoretical perspective, impairment to the core hippocampal function of scene construction may result in EM/ABM and EFT that lack phenomenological richness and detail (Klein et al., 2002; Maguire & Mullally, 2013; Race et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMemorable navigation: Assessing the influence of way-finding in spatial clusteringPreprint
Pastor, A. (2020) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ub759
Weisberg, R. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108785259.014
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A map for social navigation in the human brain.
Sullivan, R. M. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.725612816.793565815
Behrmann, M. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.733764570.793549442
Bushell, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766876.011
Ragland, J. D. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.733469590.793552378
Ptak, R. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736170310.793563181
Contextual Coherence in the Visual Imagination: An Interdisciplinary Analysis
Vertolli, M. O. (2014) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10408
Using virtual reality to understand context-dependent spatial memory
Sam, J. Y. T. (2022) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/157785
Corda, G. (2022) · Análisis Revista de investigación filosófica · doi:10.26754/ojs_arif/arif.202215604
Steel, A., Garcia, B. D., Goyal, K., Mynick, A., & Robertson, C. E. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4131652
The Role of the Hippocampus in Detecting the Novelty of Impressions: A Literature Review
Kaverina, M. Y., Kuleva, A. Y., & Андреевна, К. О. (2022) · The Russian Journal of Cognitive Science · doi:10.47010/22.1-2.2
Performing Music on Stage: The Role of the Hippocampus in Expert Memory and Culture
Neuhaus, C. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.111479
Genovesi, M. C. (2023) · Bulletin de psychologie · doi:10.3917/bupsy.pr1.0008
Monzel, M., Leelaarporn, P., Lutz, T., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94916.1.sa0
Monzel, M., Leelaarporn, P., Lutz, T., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94916.1.sa1
Gardette, J., Delhaye, E., Bastin, C., & Hot, P. (2024) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2024.0777
Grilli, M. D., & Palombo, D. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00136-4
Neurocognitive basis of navigation in children
Lee, S. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00154-6
Goldenberg, G., & Randerath, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21185-0.00002-9
Retrograde Gedächtnisstörungen
Goldenberg, G., & Randerath, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21185-0.00003-0
First language loss effect on bilingual autobiographical memory: examining memory phenomenology
Sorokina, A. N. (2024) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2024-0206
The relationship between episodic memory and future thinking
Addis, D. R., & Devitt, A. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00015-8
Remembering Eleanor Maguire, ‘trailblazer’ of human memory
McMurray, C. (2025) · The Transmitter · doi:10.53053/ejpe9800
Boundary extension replicates in samples from South Korea and China
Multhaup, K. S., Munger, M. P., Yoo, S. G., Hu, S. X., & Faust, M. E. (2024) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2025.2451998
“…made during scene construction in which people mistake their prediction about what exists beyond the borders of the scene they experienced, an internal source, for the presented scene, an external source (e.g., Intraub, 2010, 2012; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008; see also Maguire & Mullally, 2013).”
Functions of the Human Hippocampus
Barry, D. N., & Maguire, E. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190065324.003.0013
Self-citationViruega, H., & Gaviria, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74426-6_10
Miller, T. D., Hickling, A. L., Wu, Y. I., Zhou, J. H., Handel, A. E., Coutinho, E., Pollak, T. A., Zandi, M. S., Rosenthal, C. R., & Maguire, E. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.19.638996
Self-citationNeural computation in the mammalian hippocampus
Kunze, T., & Treves, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00081-x
Schwarb, H. D., Dulas, M. R., Patel, N. N., Bouton, N. A., Cohen, N. J., & Duff, M. C. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109157
Sandberg, P., Boraxbekk, C., & Nyberg, L. H. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197677131.013.9
On the importance of reading (just not too much)
Josselyn, S. A. (2025) · The Transmitter · doi:10.53053/nwir1467
Helbing, J., Draschkow, D., & Võ, M. L. ‐. (2025) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.a.80
Robins, S. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192882547.003.0006
Dalton, M. A., Lv, J., Sun, Y., D’Souza, A., & Calamante, F. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683338
“…theoretical models of (sub)cortico-hippocampal interactions, including scene construction theory (Dalton & Maguire, 2017; Dalton et al., 2018; Maguire & Mullally, 2013) and the PMAT framework (Reagh & Ranganath, 2023; Ritchey, Libby, & Ranganath, 2015) by providing greater specificity in…”
Orvik, E. A., Fjell, A. M., Øverbye, K., Walhovd, K. B., Sneve, M. H., & Grydeland, H. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686935
Reggente, N., Tobel, T., & Lifshitz, M. (2026) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2026.01.008
Võ, M. L. ‐., Draschkow, D., & Helbing, J. (2026) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
How the brain judges harm: functional networks among intentional and accidental moral evaluation
Trotti, N. M. A. A., von Gal, A., Piccardi, L., & Nori, R. (2026) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01397-8
“…the known role of the hippocampus within this network, supporting scenario constructions or episodic simulations (Addis & Schacter, 2012; Maguire & Mullally, 2013), integrating previous social or moral knowledge (Croft et al., 2010; Palombo et al., 2015), and restructuring new…”
Temporal Disorientation in Episodic Memory: Navigating the Construction Process
Righetti, F., & Perroy, B. (2026) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-026-00804-4 · Cited by 1
“Several constructive views of episodic memory are available in the literature (e.g., in addition to the above-reviewed works, we can note the influence of the ‘scene construction’ view, introduced first by Hassabis and Maguire 2007; and discussed also by Maguire and Mullally 2013).”
Blindness reshapes mental time travel: From perceptual scenes to conceptual scaffoldsPreprint
Kafi, N. A., Malinowski, M., Leelaarporn, P., Taube, J., Kindler, C., Crump, M., Essmann, A., Lange, S., Dumitrescu, S., Mattar, N., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714680
Age-related impairments in visual recall depend on what you are remembering
Gove, J., Sanders, D. M. W., Huber, D. E., & Cowell, R. A. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109440
Jonin, P. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6b93ec30za36az4c78z8aa8z7f2652fcdd97
“…respect, a highly related theoretical perspective for the role of the hippocampus is the scene construction theory (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007, 2009; Maguire & Mullally, 2013), which argues that the core hippocampal function would be to build mental scenes, a scene being defined by an ensemble of…”
BackgroundAbdallah, N. H.-B. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f33c8cd2z87e6z4346zbfcez57d516772a52
Modeling of neuron-astrocyte interaction : application to signal and image processing
Lorenzo, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9e7d026ezff73z4f89z8b1azef7f2e29fb41
Des tableaux dans l'âme ? : le problème de la définition et de la pictorialité des images mentales
Behrend, S. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c5b031e2z28f9z4deczaf11zaaf9a63a3227
Identifying distinct ensembles recruited during memory acquisition to form the engram
Pouget, C. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/339fe468z82fbz4f38zbe9azb44f1082d215
Temporal Disorientation of Metro Travellers
Perroy, B. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6ff9160ez64e0z4becz86dbze5888d440e69
Price, M. C., Czub, M., Haugland, T. M. M., & Gering, M. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109463 · Cited by 1
Visuospatial coding by theta oscillations in human hippocampusPreprint
Rostowsky, K. A., Issa, N. P., Wu, S., Tao, J. X., Haider, H. A., Rose, S. L., Warnke, P. C., Satzer, D. I., Braga, R. M., Schuele, S., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.19.725196
A neural framework for the origin of meaning: network dynamics, context and the hippocampus
Maurer, A. P., Burke, S. N., Peterson, M. A., & Nadel, L. (2026) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2025.0249 · Cited by 1
The role of visual perception in narrative scene construction
Chiera, A., Deriu, V., Altavilla, D., Adornetti, I., Fuccio, R. D., Bulgarelli, D., Marenga, A., Pirro, C., & Ferretti, F. (2026) · Pragmatics & Cognition · doi:10.1075/pc.00053.chi
McNeely-White, K. L., Liégeois‐Chauvel, C., Yonelinas, A. P., Huebert, A. M., & Pedersen, N. P. (2026) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2026.104115
Marks, D. F. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71666
“…of different subregions of the hippocampal formation with spatial and episodic memory have provided a fruitful avenue for VMI and memory research (e.g., O’Keefe and Nadel 1978 ; Burgess et al. 2002 ; Schacter et al. 2012 ; Maguire and Mullally 2013 ; Rolls 2013 ; Moscovitch et al. 2016 ).”
The Human Subiculum and Its Role in Spatiotemporal Memory and Mental Imagery
Kang, H. J., Hwang, M. J., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. Y., de Place, M. C., & Lee, S. A. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70126
“The Scene Construction Theory posits that the hippocampus enables disparate elements to be assembled into a coherent scene within a spatial framework (Maguire and Mullally 2013).”
Mental Scene and Memory Construction and the Hippocampus
Rolls, E. T. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70136
“Mental scene construction refers to the neurocognitive processes involved in mentally generating and maintaining complex and coherent scenes or events (Hassabis et al. 2007; Maguire and Mullally 2013; Mullally and Maguire 2013).”
Grilli, M. D., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Sheldon, S., & Irish, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33040-7.00025-7
Metadata
- Authors
- Maguire, E. A., & Mullally, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Maguire, Eleanor A.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1180-1189
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- PMC
- PMC3906798
- OpenAlex
- W2103374823
- Semantic Scholar
- d2c54fbe4881e323a62d8b1d9924facd4f6a889a
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 12.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- hippocampus, episodic memory, scene memory, spatial navigation, future imaginings, memory architecture, hippocampal dysfunction, scene construction
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Hippocampus, Humans, Imagination, Memory, Space Perception, Spatial Behavior
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