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Cited by 62Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical InnovationsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Stimulant medication use in college students: Comparison of appropriate users, misusers, and nonusers.

Open access
Hartung, Cynthia M., Canu, Will H., Cleveland, Carolyn S., Lefler, Elizabeth K., Mignogna, Melissa J., Fedele, David A., Correia, Christopher J., Leffingwell, Thad R. +1 more·2013·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
DOI 10.1037/a0033822
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Abstract

While stimulant medication is commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents (Merikangas, He, Rapoport, Vitiello, & Olfson, 2013; Zuvekas & Vitiello, 2012) and is considered an empirically supported intervention for those groups (Barkley, Murphy, & Fischer, 2008; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008; Safren et al., 2005) surprisingly little is known about the efficacy of stimulants in the slightly older emerging adult population. A focus has emerged, however, on illicit stimulant use among undergraduates, with studies suggesting such behavior is not uncommon (e.g., Arria et al., 2013). Unfortunately, details are lacking regarding outcomes and personal characteristics associated with different patterns of stimulant misuse. The current study compares the characteristics of four groups of college students, including those with stimulant prescriptions who use them appropriately (i.e., appropriate users), those who misuse their prescription stimulants (i.e., medical misusers), those who obtain and use stimulants without a prescription (i.e., nonmedical misusers), and those who do not use stimulant medications at all (i.e., nonusers). Undergraduates (N = 1,153) from the Southeastern, Midwest, and Rocky Mountain regions completed online measures evaluating patterns of use, associated motives, side effects, ADHD symptomatology, and other substance use. Both types of misusers (i.e., students who abused their prescriptions and those who obtained sti…

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  • There is a firmly held belief that stimulant medication improves executive functions and academic skills while decreasing distractibility, restlessness, fatigue, and sleepiness.

    “There is a firmly held belief that stimulant medication improves executive functions (EFs; e.g., sustained attention, working memory) and academic skills (e.g., reading comprehension, productivity) while decreasing distractibility, restlessness, fatigue, and sleepiness (Benson et al., 2015; DeSantis et al., 2008; Hartung et al., 2013; Rabiner et al., 2009).”

    From Effects of stimulant medication on neuropsychological functioning in college students without ADHD. (2026) · cites this paper as Hartung et al., 2013

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Authors
Hartung, C. M., Canu, W. H., Cleveland, C. S., Lefler, E. K., Mignogna, M. J., Fedele, D. A., Correia, C. J., Leffingwell, T. R., & Clapp, J. D.
ORCID
Venue
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2013
Volume
27
Issue
3
Pages
832-840
ISSN
  • 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1501
DOI
10.1037/a0033822
OpenAlex
W2014319913
Cited by
62
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11
FWCI
4.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
  • Appalachian State University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
stimulant medication, university students, prescription stimulant misuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emerging adults, stimulant side effects, insomnia, restlessness, substance use, ADHD symptoms
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Universities, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Prescription Drug Misuse

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