Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories

Tannenbaum, Melanie B., Hepler, Justin, Zimmerman, Rick S., Saul, Lindsey, Jacobs, Samantha, Wilson, Kristina, Albarracín, Dolores·2015·Psychological Bulletin

Cited by (1,183)

Items 201–300 of 1,183

  1. Do negative emotions in social advertising really work? Confrontation of classic vs. EEG reaction toward advertising that promotes safe driving
    Anna Borawska, Tomasz Oleksy, Dominika Agnieszka Maison · 2020 · PLoS ONE
  2. The influence of cultural worldviews on people’s responses to hurricane risks and threat information
    Rebecca E. Morss, Heather Lazrus, Ann Bostrom, Julie L. Demuth · 2020 · Journal of Risk Research
  3. Changing Behavior Using Integrated Theories
    Martin S. Hagger, Kyra Hamilton · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  4. An educational intervention based on the extended parallel process model to improve attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis: a randomized trial
    Vahideh Termeh Zonouzy, Shamsaddin Niknami, Fazlollah F. Ghofranipour, Ali Montazeri · 2018 · International Journal of Women s Health
  5. Changing Behavior Using the Transtheoretical Model
    Carlo C. DiClemente, Meagan M. Graydon · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  6. Information Targeting Increases the Weight of Stigma: Leveraging Relevance Backfires When People Feel Judged
    Veronica S. Derricks, Allison N. Earl · 2019 · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
  7. The mediating role of event-congruent emotions in narrative persuasion
    Markus Appel, Constanze Schreiner, Maj-Britt Haffmans, Tobias Richter · 2019 · Poetics
  8. Path analysis of skin cancer preventive behavior among the rural women based on protection motivation theory
    Nasrin Roozbahani, Abdol-Hossain Kaviani, Mahboobeh Khorsandi · 2020 · BMC Women s Health
  9. Biobehavioral Aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
    Peter A. Hall, Paschal Sheeran, Geoffrey T. Fong, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Mark Oremus, Teresa Y L Liu-Ambrose, Mohammad Nazmus Sakib, Zahid A Butt, Hasan Ayaz, Narveen Jandu et al. · 2021 · Psychosomatic Medicine
  10. RETRACTED: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on consumer behavioural intention to purchase green products
    Ping Hu, Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan, Muhammad Khalilur Rahman, Mohammad Mainul Hossain, Shaharin Akter · 2022 · PLoS ONE · Retracted
  11. Means, ends and the ethics of fear-based public health campaigns
    Ronald Bayer, Amy Lauren Fairchild · 2016 · Journal of Medical Ethics
  12. Fear appeals to promote better health behaviors: an investigation of potential mediators
    Moussaoui, Lisa Selma, Claxton, Nancy, Desrichard, Olivier · 2021 · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
  13. Strategies for Effective Public Health Communication in a Complex Information Environment
    Jeff Niederdeppe, Amanda D. Boyd, Andy J. King, Rajiv N. Rimal · 2024 · Annual Review of Public Health
  14. Avoidance of tobacco health warnings? An eye‐tracking approach
    Carlos Sillero Rejon, Ute Leonards, Marcus Robert Munafo, Craig Hedge, Janet A Hoek, Benjamin A. Toll, Harry Gove, Isabel Willis, Rose Barry, Abi Robinson et al. · 2020 · Addiction
  15. “Fear the Flu, Not the Flu Shot”: A Test of the Extended Parallel Process Model
    Anthony J. Roberto, Paul A. Mongeau, Yanqin Liu, Emi C. Hashi · 2019 · Journal of Health Communication
  16. Chicken eggs, childhood stunting and environmental hygiene: an ethnographic study from the Campylobacter genomics and environmental enteric dysfunction (CAGED) project in Ethiopia
    Kevin Bardosh, Jeylan Wolyie Hussein, Elias Ahmed Sadik, Jemal Yousuf Hassen, Mengistu Ketema, Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim, Sarah Lindley McKune, Arie Hendrik Havelaar · 2020 · One Health Outlook
  17. Biting the travel bullet: A motivated reasoning perspective on traveling during a pandemic
    Agung Yoga Sembada, Hassan Kalantari Daronkola · 2020 · Annals of Tourism Research
  18. Modelling management of chronic illness in everyday life: A common-sense approach
    Howard Leventhal, Leigh Alison Phillips, Edith A. Burns · 2016 · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)
  19. Persuasion and Social Influence
    Daniel J. O’Keefe · 2016 · The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy
  20. Neural correlates of fear appeal in advertising: An fMRI analysis
    M. Mostafa · 2018 · Journal of Marketing Communications
  21. A pilot randomized clinical trial of a lethal means safety intervention for young adults with firearm familiarity at risk for suicide.
    Ian H. Stanley, Melanie A. Hom, Natalie Sachs‐Ericsson, Austin James Gallyer, Thomas E. Joiner · 2020 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
  22. Effects of strengthening alcohol labels on attention, message processing, and perceived effectiveness: A quasi-experimental study in Yukon, Canada
    Erin P. Hobin, Nour Schoueri‐Mychasiw, Ashini Weerasinghe, Kate Vallance, David G. Hammond, Thomas K. Greenfield, Jonathan McGavock, Catherine Paradis, Tim R. Stockwell · 2020 · International Journal of Drug Policy
  23. Why Do Individuals Engage with the Natural World? A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on the Effect of Nature Engagement and Well-Being
    Elliott S. Lee, Myles A. Maillet, Frédérick M. E. Grouzet · 2021 · Applied Research in Quality of Life
  24. Response Efficacy and Self-Efficacy Mediated the Relationship between Perceived Threat and Psychic Anxiety among College Students in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Wenpei Zhang, Shankuo Xiong, Yelianghui Zheng, Jinnan Wu · 2022 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  25. How anger and fear influence policy narratives: Advocacy and regulation of oil and gas drilling in Colorado
    Jonathan J. Pierce, Katrina Miller‐Stevens, Isabel Hicks, Dova Castaneda Zilly, Saigopal Rangaraj, Evan Rao · 2022 · Review of Policy Research
  26. Advancing the potential impact of future scenarios by integrating psychological principles
    Isabel Richter, Elizabeth Gabe‐Thomas, Ana M. Queirós, Stephen R.J. Sheppard, Sabine Pahl · 2022 · Environmental Science & Policy
  27. Emotional or rational? Effective ESG advertising messages for travel enterprises
    Miju Choi, Youngjoon Choi · 2024 · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing
  28. Effects of Pictorial Warning Labels for Cigarettes and Quit-Efficacy on Emotional Responses, Smoking Satisfaction, and Cigarette Consumption
    Dan Romer, Stuart G. Ferguson, Andrew A. Strasser, Abigail T. Evans, Mary Kate Tompkins, Joseph M. Macisco, Michael Fardal, Martin Tusler, Peters Ellen · 2017 · Annals of Behavioral Medicine
  29. Investigating identity fraud management practices in e-tail sector: a systematic review
    Zahoor Ahmed Soomro, Javed Ahmed, Mahmood Hussain Shah, Khalil ur Rehman Khoumbati · 2019 · Journal of Enterprise Information Management
  30. Facilitators and Barriers to Glaucoma Screening Identified by Key Stakeholders in Underserved Communities: A Community-engaged Research Approach
    Dena Ballouz, Juno Cho, Maria A. Woodward, Angela R. Elam, David C. Musch, Jason Y. Zhang, Sayoko Eileen Moroi, Leroy Johnson, Jean Cederna, Paula Anne Newman-Casey · 2020 · Journal of Glaucoma
  31. Knowledge, attitudes, practices and fear of COVID‐19 among Iranians: A quick online survey
    Ebrahim Ghaderi, Hassan Mahmoodi, Pershang Sharifi Saqqezi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Ghobad Moradi, Azad Shokri, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad, Asad Ahmadi · 2021 · Health & Social Care in the Community
  32. The use of smart biosensors during a food safety incident: Consumers' cognitive‐behavioural responses and willingness to pay
    Giuseppe Nocella, Junjie Wu, Simone Cerroni · 2022 · International Journal of Consumer Studies
  33. Examining the persuasion process of narrative fear appeals on health misinformation correction
    Liang Chen, Hongjie Tang · 2022 · Information Communication & Society
  34. Drinking and swimming around waterways: The role of alcohol, sensation-seeking, peer influence and risk in young people
    Justine Elizabeth Leavy, Malena Della Bona, Meg Abercromby · 2022 · PLoS ONE
  35. "Don't make my mistake": narrative fear appeals in health communication
    Joëlle Ooms · 2019
  36. A content analysis of fear appeal advertising in Canada, China, and France
    Boris Bartikowski, Michel Laroche, Marie‐Odile Richard · 2019 · Journal of Business Research
  37. Positive Shock: A Consumer Ethical Judgement Perspective
    Caroline Moraes, Finola Kerrigan, Roisin McCann · 2019 · Journal of Business Ethics
  38. Characterizing Urban Home Gardening and Associated Factors to Shape Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Non-Farmers in Thailand
    Sirinya Phulkerd, Sasinee Thapsuwan, Rossarin Soottipong Gray, Aphichat Chamratrithirong · 2020 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  39. Scoping the ethical principles of cybersecurity fear appeals
    Marc Dupuis, Karen Renaud · 2020 · Ethics and Information Technology
  40. Evaluating an Intervention to Reduce Risky Driving Behaviors: Taking the Fear Out of Virtual Reality
    Clara Alida Cutello, Michaela Gummerum, Yaniv Hanoch, Elizabeth Hellier · 2020 · Risk Analysis
  41. A research agenda for the post‐COVID‐19 world: Theory and research in social psychology
    Dolores Albarracín, Haesung Jung · 2021 · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology
  42. Framing Messages on the Economic Impact of Climate Change Policies: Effects on Climate Believers and Climate Skeptics
    Mauro Bertolotti, Patrizia Catellani, Thomas E. Nelson · 2021 · Environmental Communication
  43. The Effect of Persuasive Messages in Promoting Home-Based Physical Activity During COVID-19 Pandemic
    V. Carfora, P. Catellani · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology
  44. Emotions in Crisis Coverage: How UK News Media Used Fear Appeals to Report on the Coronavirus Crisis
    Valerie Hase, Katherine M. Engelke · 2022 · Journalism and Media
  45. Examining the Effectiveness of Fear Appeals in Prompting Help-Seeking: The Case of At-Risk Gamblers
    Svetlana De Vos, Roberta Carolyn Crouch, Pascale G. Quester, Jasmina Ilicic · 2017 · Psychology and Marketing
  46. Loss framing effect on reducing excessive red and processed meat consumption: Evidence from Italy
    Gerarda Caso, Giuseppina Rizzo, Giuseppina Migliore, Riccardo Vecchio · 2023 · Meat Science
  47. Climate change anxiety, fear, and intention to act
    Alessandro von Gal, Greta Fabiani, Laura Piccardi · 2024 · Frontiers in Psychology
  48. Can you picture it? Effects of positive and negative depictions of climate futures on climate action intentions
    Cassandra L. C. Troy, Megan Norman, Nahyun Kim, Chris Skurka, Jessica Gall Myrick · 2024 · Journal of Environmental Psychology
  49. “I Felt Completely Turned off by the Message”: The Effects of Controlling Language, Fear, and Disgust Appeals on Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination Messages
    Haijing Ma, Claude H. Miller · 2022 · Journal of Health Communication
  50. Emotions, worry, efficacy, and climate change–related sustainability behaviors among a representative sample of Texas and Florida residents
    Dana Rose Garfin, Michelle V. Zernick, Gabrielle Wong‐Parodi · 2024 · Climatic Change
  51. Communicating Risks: Principles and Challenges
    A. Bostrom, G. Böhm, R. O'Connor · 2018 · Springer eBooks
  52. Developing Behavior Change Interventions
    Nelli E. Hankonen, Wendy Hardeman · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  53. A visual affective analysis of mass media interventions to increase antimicrobial stewardship amongst the public
    Darren Langdridge, Mark Davis, Lucyna Gozdzielewska, Joanna L. McParland, Lynn Williams, Mairi Young, Fraser Smith, Jennifer MacDonald, Lesley Price, Paul Flowers · 2018 · British Journal of Health Psychology
  54. The impact of fear versus state empathy on persuasion and social stigma
    Lulu Peng, Lijiang Shen, Rachel Reymann Vanderbilt, Youllee Kim, Kasey A. Foley · 2018 · Media Psychology
  55. Maboo wirriya, be healthy: Community-directed development of an evidence-based diabetes prevention program for young Aboriginal people in a remote Australian town
    Kimberley H. Seear, David N. Atkinson, Lynette M. Henderson-Yates · 2020 · Evaluation and Program Planning
  56. Changing Behavior by Changing Environments
    Theresa M. Marteau, Paul Charles Fletcher, Gareth J. Hollands, Marcus Robert Munafo · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  57. Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions: A Ten-Task Guide
    Charles Abraham, Sarah Denford · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  58. Early COVID-19 outbreak, individuals’ mask attitudes and purchase intentions: a cohesive care
    Naimatullah Shah, Muhammad Shafique Kalwar, Bahadur Ali Soomro · 2020 · Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management
  59. Does 360-degree Video Enhance Engagement with Global Warming?: The Mediating Role of Spatial Presence and Emotions
    Jeeyun Oh, Eunjoo Jin, Sabitha Sudarshan, Soya Nah, Na Yu · 2021 · Environmental Communication
  60. Mobilization Under Threat: Emotional Appeals and Pro-Opposition Political Participation Online
    Lauren Young · 2021 · Political Behavior
  61. Teachers use of fear appeals: Association with student and teacher mental health.
    Jessica Belcher, V. Wuthrich, Catherine Lowe · 2021 · British Journal of Educational Psychology
  62. Persuasive narrative during the COVID-19 pandemic: Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg’s posts on Facebook
    Sanjana Arora, Jonas Debesay, Hande Eslen‐Ziya · 2022 · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
  63. The Power of Emotional Appeal in Motivating Behaviors to Mitigate Climate Change among Generation Z
    Weiting Tao, Shiyun Tian, Wan‐Hsiu Sunny Tsai, Michelle I. Seelig · 2022 · Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing
  64. Misunderstandings of Effect Sizes in Message Effects Research
    Daniel J. O’Keefe · 2017 · Communication Methods and Measures
  65. Design for Sustainability: The Effect of Lettering Case on Environmental Concern from a Green Advertising Perspective
    Yao Song, Y. Luximon · 2019 · Sustainability
  66. Risk perception, travel intentions and self-protective behavior of chronically ill tourists under the protection motivation perspective
    Fan Zhang, Qian Cheng, Yanmeng Lv, Ning Li · 2025 · Scientific Reports
  67. Communicating Zika Risk: Using Metaphor to Increase Perceived Risk Susceptibility
    Hang Lu, Jonathon P. Schuldt · 2018 · Risk Analysis
  68. Changing Behavior Using the Reflective-Impulsive Model
    Roland Deutsch, Fritz Strack · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  69. Multisolving Innovations For Climate And Health: Message Framing To Achieve Broad Public Support
    James W. Dearing, Maria Knight Lapinski · 2020 · Health Affairs
  70. "You have to vape to make it through": E-cigarette Outcome Expectancies among Youth and Parents
    Robert T. Fairman, Scott R. Weaver, Bangaman Christian Akani, Kristin Dixon, Lucy Popova · 2021 · American Journal of Health Behavior
  71. Sharing is caring: willingness to share personal data through contact tracing apps in China, Germany, and the US
    Sabrina Habich‐Sobiegalla, Genia Kostka · 2022 · Information Communication & Society
  72. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19
    Zachary Zarowsky, T. Rashid · 2022 · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology
  73. Threat appeals reduce impulsive decision making associated with texting while driving: A behavioral economic approach
    Yusuke Hayashi, Anne M. Foreman, Jonathan E. Friedel, Oliver Wirth · 2019 · PLoS ONE
  74. Imagery, Visualization, and Mental Simulation Interventions
    Martin S. Hagger, Dominic Conroy · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  75. Screening practices of cancer survivors and individuals whose family or friends had a cancer diagnoses—a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan (INFORM Study 2020)
    Miki Onishi Akiyama, Noriyuki Ishida, Hiroyasu Takahashi, Miyako Takahashi, Aki Otsuki, Yasunori Sato, Junko Saito, Akiko Yaguchi‐Saito, Maiko Fujimori, Yuki Kaji et al. · 2023 · Journal of Cancer Survivorship
  76. You Mad? Using Anger Appeals to Promote Activism Intentions and Policy Support in the Context of Sugary Drink Marketing to Kids
    Chris Skurka · 2018 · Health Communication
  77. Dyadic Behavior Change Interventions
    Urte Scholz, Corina Berli, Janina Lüscher, Nina Knoll · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  78. Responses to e-cigarette health messages among young adult sexual minoritized women and nonbinary people assigned female at birth: Assessing the influence of message theme and format
    Joanne G. Patterson, Brittney L Keller-Hamilton, Amelia V. Wedel, Theodore L. Wagener, Elise M. Stevens · 2021 · Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  79. Communicating COVID-19 Risk on Instagram: A Content Analysis of Official Public Health Messaging During the First Year of the Pandemic
    Susan Mello, Elizabeth M. Glowacki, Isabella Fuentes, Jennifer Seabolt · 2023 · Journal of Health Communication
  80. Look away now! Defensive processing and unrealistic optimism by level of alcohol consumption
    James Keoni Morris, Harry Tattan‐Birch, Ian P. Albery, Nick Heather, Antony C. Moss · 2024 · Psychology and Health
  81. Psychosocial Determinants of Teens’ Online Engagement in Drug Prevention Social Media Campaigns: Implications for Public Health Organizations
    Hailee K. Dunn, Deborah N. Pearlman, Avery Beatty, Paul R. Florin · 2018 · The Journal of Primary Prevention
  82. Moving from Theoretical Principles to Intervention Strategies: Applying the Experimental Medicine Approach
    Alexander J. Rothman, William M. P. Klein, Paschal Sheeran · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  83. Changing Behavior Using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation
    Linda D. Cameron, Sara E. Fleszar‐Pavlović, Tenie Khachikian · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  84. Comparing the impact of educational messages based on an extended parallel process model on solid waste separation behaviors in female students: A four-group randomized trial
    Aazam Abbasi, Marzieh Araban, Zahra Heidari, Masoumeh Alidosti, Fereshteh Zamani‐Alavijeh · 2020 · Waste Management
  85. Evaluating consumer environmental behavior for sustainable development: A confirmatory factor analysis
    Shahid Rasool, Aisha Rehman, Roberto Cerchione, Piera Centobelli · 2020 · Sustainable Development
  86. Promoting problem recognition amongst harmful drinkers: A conceptual model for problem framing factors
    James Keoni Morris, Ian P. Albery, Antony C. Moss, Nick Heather · 2021 · Elsevier eBooks
  87. Sharing health risk messages on social media: Effects of fear appeal message and image promotion
    Xueying Zhang, Shuhua Zhou · 2020 · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace
  88. Fear and Favoritism in the Time of COVID-19
    Baran Han, Benjamin Ho, Inbok Rhee, Chrysostomos Tabakis · 2021 · SSRN Electronic Journal
  89. Striking an Emotional Chord: Effects of Emotional Appeals and Chatbot Anthropomorphism on Persuasive Science Communication
    Jinping Wang, Lulu Peng · 2023 · Science Communication
  90. Patient and public understanding of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review and meta-ethnography
    Gosha Colquhoun, Janyne Afseth, Ross Fagan, Fiona Thomson, Nicola Ring · 2024 · JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
  91. Psychological correlates of adherence to photoprotection in a rare disease: International survey of people with Xeroderma Pigmentosum
    Jessica Walburn, Martha Canfield, Sam Norton, Kirby Sainsbury, Vera Araújo‐Soares, Lesley Foster, Mark Berneburg, Alain R. Sarasin, Natalie Morrison‐Bowen, Falko F. Sniehotta et al. · 2019 · British Journal of Health Psychology
  92. Staying Home, Distancing, and Face Masks: COVID-19 Prevention among U.S. Women in The COPE Study
    Katherine M. Anderson, Jamila K. Stockman · 2020 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  93. How Emotional Shifts Effect Youth Perceptions of Opioid Risk and Efficacy: Testing a Know the Truth Campaign Narrative
    Elizabeth Troutman Adams, Robin L. Nabi, Seth M. Noar, Reina Evans-Paulson, Laura M. Widman · 2021 · Health Communication
  94. Citizen journalism practices during COVID-19 in spotlight: influence of user-generated contents about economic policies in perceiving government performance
    Syed Hassan Raza, Emenyeonu C. Ogadimma, Muhammad Yousaf, Moneeba Iftikhar · 2021 · Information Discovery and Delivery
  95. Motivating people to stay at home: using the Health Belief Model to improve the effectiveness of public health messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Larah Maunder · 2021 · Translational Behavioral Medicine
  96. Emotional Appeals, Climate Change, and Young Adults: A Direct Replication of Skurka et al. (2018)
    Chris Skurka, Rainer Romero‐Canyas, Helen H. Joo, David Acup, Jeff Niederdeppe · 2021 · Human Communication Research
  97. Changing the world with words? Euphemisms in climate change issues
    Gilles Grolleau, Naoufel Mzoughi, Deborah C. Peterson · 2021 · Ecological Economics
  98. Exploring Communication Strategies to Encourage COVID-19 Vaccination: Motivation-Based Message Appeals, Incidental Emotions, and Risk Perception
    Chun Yuh Yang · 2022 · Health Communication
  99. Encouraging erotic variety: Identifying correlates of, and strategies for promoting, sexual novelty in romantic relationships
    Marissa N. Rosa, Sarah A. Matthews, Traci A. Giuliano, Kayleigh H. Thomas, Brooke A. Swift, Mattie M. Mills · 2019 · Personality and Individual Differences
  100. Asymmetric negative influence of cynicism and skepticism: a study of preventative communication
    Hyerin Ryu, Sunkyu Jun · 2019 · International Journal of Advertising