Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories

Tannenbaum, Melanie B., Hepler, Justin, Zimmerman, Rick S., Saul, Lindsey, Jacobs, Samantha, Wilson, Kristina, Albarracín, Dolores·2015·Psychological Bulletin

Cited by (1,183)

Items 601–700 of 1,183

  1. The Distinctive Roles of Perceptions of Health Risks and Benefits, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation in the Awareness, Initiation, and Maintenance of Healthy Behaviors
    Luc G. Pelletier, Camille Guertin, Meredith Rocchi · 2017 · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks
  2. Multidimensional targeting for tailoring: a comment on Ogden (2016)
    Dolores Albarracín, Laura R. Glasman · 2016 · Health Psychology Review
  3. The Role of Negative Emotions in Applied Communication Research
    Elena Bessarabova, John A. Banas, Daniel Rex Bernard · 2020
  4. Commonsense Modeling (CSM) of Health Behaviors
    Howard Leventhal, Leigh Alison Phillips, Edith A. Burns, Jenna Herold · 2020 · The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology
  5. Peers for the Fearless: Social norms facilitate preventive behaviour if individuals perceive low COVID-19 health risks
    Bernhard Kittel, Fabian Kalleitner, David W. Schiestl · 2021
  6. The impact of mortality salience on environmental concerns and diet intentions: the moderating role of political orientation and RWA
    Valmori, Alessia, Carraro, Luciana, Guidetti, Margherita, Lenzi, Michela, Castelli, Luigi · 2024 · Current Psychology
  7. Unraveling the impact of infodemic stress on information and health behaviors: a double effect perspective
    Ting Pan, Yongqiang Sun, Xitong Guo, Min Zhang · 2024 · Internet Research
  8. Simulating conversations with nature: The effects of an environment-anthropomorphic chatbot on climate attitudes and intentions
    Jeong-woo Jang, Soeun Yang, Hana Kim · 2025 · Energy & Environment
  9. Why people hesitate about dementia screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jiahui Jin, Benjamin Junting Li, Yin Leng Theng · 2025 · Social Science & Medicine
  10. The impact of message framing on end-user security:An experimental approach to prevent identity theft via smishing
    Christian Jordan Howell, Caitlyn N. Muniz, George W. Burruss, Taylor Fisher, Kaylee Eckelman, David Maimon · 2025 · Computers in Human Behavior
  11. Virtual Meets Real: The Effect of Influencer Type and Message Framing on Sustainable Fashion Intentions
    A.N. Ahmed, Sonia Kataria, Sumit Saxena, Amit Shankar · 2025 · Journal of Consumer Behaviour
  12. Universal or targeted approaches? an experiment about heat risk messaging
    Yajie Li, Peter D. Howe · 2023 · Natural Hazards
  13. Relevance of Emotion of Anxiety and Fear of Dentistry as Motivational Conflict in Oral Health Behaviors
    FNU Supriya, Rajbir Singh, Amra Ahsan · 2024 · The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
  14. Young men’s sexual health through the lens of precarious manhood
    Joseph A. Vandello, RJ Kubicki, Rebecca A. Upton · 2024 · Health Education Journal
  15. Walking for Joy? Using a living laboratory to shift to more climate-friendly lifestyles in Santiago, Chile
    Lake Sagaris, Rosario Palacios · 2024 · Energy Research & Social Science
  16. Public perceptions of HIV/AIDS awareness in the Gulf Council Cooperation countries: a qualitative study
    Samah Alageel, Norah M. Alsadhan, Ghadah Alkhaldi · 2024 · International Journal for Equity in Health
  17. The role of emotions in the control-resistance dyad
    Henrique Duarte, Ofelia A. Palermo, Patrí­cia Arriaga · 2018 · Scandinavian Journal of Management
  18. Dichotomy of lay people and health professionals perception of physical activity is a challenge for activity education and promotion within primary health care – a qualitative study
    Dorota Cianciara, Larysa Sugay, Katarzyna Lewtak, Ewa L. Urban, Maria Piotrowicz, Małgorzata Gajewska, Paloma Cuchí · 2020 · Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
  19. Effects of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cognitive, Affective, and Smoking Behavior: A Mixed Methods Study in Four Cities in Indonesia
    Rendro Dhani, Artini Artini, Sri Tunggul Pannindriya · 2021 · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  20. Wildfire imagery reduces risk information-seeking among homeowners as property wildfire risk increases
    Hilary Byerly Flint, Patricia A. Champ, James R. Meldrum, Hannah Brenkert–Smith · 2022 · Communications Earth & Environment
  21. Poly Social Media Use: Roles of Informational Norms and Emotion Regulation
    Ilwoo Ju, Eunju Rho, Amber Hinsley · 2022 · Journal of Health Communication
  22. Migration information campaign through music: The effect of Kofi Kinaata’s highlife song on young people in Ghana
    Samuel Nuamah Eshun, Boadi Agyekum · 2022 · Crossings Journal of Migration and Culture
  23. The effectiveness of metaphors in Chinese video advertisements for depression: An experimental study
    Molly Xie Pan, Dennis Tay · 2023 · Lingua
  24. A framework for consumers' assessments of location-based advertising (LBA) and selective exposure to privacy-related online information
    Sann Ryu · 2023 · Information Technology and People
  25. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cinematic Virtual Reality as a Tool to Improve Drivers’ Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety
    Alessandro Evangelista, Vito De Giglio, Lorenzo Cipriani, Vito Modesto Manghisi · 2024 · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering
  26. Hope messages influence health behavior intentions more than fear messages: An experimental study during COVID-19
    Shayne S.‐H. Lin, Graham J. McDougall, Rohan N Peramsetty, Ian M. McDonough · 2024 · Nursing Outlook
  27. “Protect Me Tomorrow”: Commitment Nudges to Remedy Compromised Passwords
    Eyal Peer, A. Frik, Conor Gilsenan, Serge Egelman · 2024 · ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact.
  28. Rural parents’ beliefs about healthy eating
    Andrea McDonald, Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Sharon L. McWhinney · 2018 · Health Education Journal
  29. Self-Relevant Threatening Messages Promote Vigilance Toward Coping Information: Evidence of Positive Processing at Attentional Level
    Jérôme Blondé, Fabien Girandola · 2018 · Social Cognition
  30. Feelings About Fracking: Using the Affect Heuristic to Understand Opposition to Coal Seam Gas Production
    Donald William Hine, Kirsten Clarke, Anthony D. G. Marks · 2018 · Risk Analysis
  31. Danger vs Fear
    Krutheeka Baskaran, Saji K. Mathew · 2020 · ACM SIGCPR Conference on Computer Personnel Research (SIGCPR)
  32. Addressing Underserved Populations and Disparities in Behavior Change
    Benjamin Schüz, Monica Webb Hooper · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  33. 3D or not 3D? Evaluation of the effectiveness of 3D-enhanced warning messages for communication in crisis situations
    Grzegorz Banerski, Katarzyna Abramczuk, Cezary Biele · 2020 · Safety Science
  34. OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION-PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE IN THE SITUATION OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
    Кубрак Тина Анатольевна, Владислав Викторович Латынов · 2020 · Институт психологии Российской академии наук Социальная и экономическая психология
  35. Science Communication in the Context of Reproducibility and Replicability: How Nonscientists Navigate Scientific Uncertainty
    Emily L. Howell · 2020 · Harvard Data Science Review
  36. COVID-19 and Eating Problems in Daily Life: The Mediating Roles of Stress, Negative Affect and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
    Ruike Sheng, Xiujie Yang, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoyan Liu, Wei Xu · 2021 · Psychological Reports
  37. Bringing disgust in through the backdoor in healthy food promotion: a phenomenological perspective
    Bas de Boer, Mailin Lemke · 2021 · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy
  38. Mediational Effects on Motivation to Quit Smoking After Exposure to a Cigarette Pictorial Warning Label Among Young Adults
    Andrea C. Johnson, Monique Mitchell Turner, Samuel Joseph Simmens, William Douglas Evans, Andrew A. Strasser, Darren M. Mays · 2021 · Annals of Behavioral Medicine
  39. Expanding the analysis of mechanisms of action in behavioral interventions: cognitive change versus cognitive activation
    Aya Avishai, Noel T. Brewer, Jennifer Mendel Sheldon, Paschal Sheeran · 2021 · Psychology and Health
  40. GELECEK KAYGISI VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TÜKETİM BİLİNCİNİN MARKA TUTUMU VE SATIN ALMA NİYETİNE ETKİSİ: ARÇELİK ÖRNEĞİ
    Makbule YILMAZ, F. Müge Arslan · 2021 · Journal of Research in Business
  41. UK women smokers' experiences of an age-progression smoking cessation intervention: Thematic analysis of accounts
    Lucy Walker, Sarah Grogan, Keira Scholtens, Andrew Denovan, Brian McMillan, Christopher J. Armitage, Mark T. Conner, Tracy Epton, Maria Isabel Cordero · 2022 · PEC Innovation
  42. Factors associated with fear of COVID ‐19 among people living with HIV / AIDS in Suphanburi province, Thailand
    Natawan Khumsaen, Supannee Peawnalaw · 2022 · Japan Journal of Nursing Science
  43. Changes in residents’ attitudes toward tourism and perceptions of tourism contribution pre- and peri-Covid-19 pandemic: role of perceived gratitude and damage
    Jing Yin, Eun Joo Kim, Yeong‐Hyeon Hwang · 2022 · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
  44. High Stress Levels and Trust toward the Government Are Associated with More Positive Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines among French Students: A Pilot Study
    Clémence Brun, Oulmann Zerhouni, Laurène Houtin, Alexis Akinyemi, Carla Aimé, Jordane Boudesseul, Nicolas Pinsault · 2022 · Vaccines
  45. ‘Stay at home and limit contact’: The impact of stay‐at‐home advice on the behavior of Australian donors aged 70 and over in the first year of the pandemic
    Sanda Naing, Rachel D. Thorpe, Kyle S. Jensen · 2022 · Transfusion
  46. Young Adults’ Intentions toward the Prevention of Microplastic Pollution in Taiwan: Examining Personality and Information Processing in Fear-Appeal Communication
    Shu‐Chu Sarrina Li, Huai-Kuan Zeng, Shih-Yu Lo · 2022 · Sustainability
  47. Worldview Orientations and Personal and Social Risk Perceptions for COVID-19 in a U.S. Population-Based Sample
    Malwina Lewicka, Jennifer L. Hay, Erika A. Waters, Elizabeth Schofield, Heather Orom, Marc T. Kiviniemi · 2022 · Journal of Prevention
  48. Enhancing Public Health Communication Regarding Vaccine Trials: Design and Development of the Pan-European VACCELERATE Toolkit
    Christos D. Argyropoulos, Janina Leckler, Jon Salmanton‐García, Marinos Constantinou, Alexandra Alexandrou, Sophia Themistocleous, Evgenia Noula, George Shiamakkides, Andria Nearchou, Fiona Anne Stewart et al. · 2023 · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  49. Fear appeals in Chinese public signs of COVID-19 prevention in local communities
    Mian Jia, Yi Zhao · 2023 · Pragmatics and Society
  50. Changing Behavior Using Integrative Self-Control Theory
    Wilhelm Hofmann, Simone Dohle, Kathi Diel · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  51. Physical risk messaging enhances favorable attitudes toward mask wearing
    Marie A. Yeh, Ann M. Mirabito, Stacey R. Finkelstein · 2021 · Journal of Consumer Affairs
  52. Predicting young, novice drivers’ intentions to install in-vehicle data recorders
    Brenton McNally, G. Bradley · 2018 · Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
  53. Social Media, Risk Perceptions Related to COVID ‐19, and Health Outcomes
    Kevin B. Wright · 2021 · Wiley eBooks
  54. The Fire is Closing in: Can a Virtual Reality Experience of Climate Change Consequences Stimulate Pro-Environmental Behavior? A Pre-Registered Experiment
    Marijn H. C. Meijers, Ragnheiður “Heather” Torfadóttir, Anke Wonneberger, Ewa Masłowska · 2022 · SSRN Electronic Journal
  55. Framing a Global Pandemic: Journalism Cultures and Media Coverage of COVID-19 in China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States
    Muhammad Ittefaq, Hong Tien Vu, Anh Tu Dao, Duc Vinh Tran, Cole Hansen · 2025 · Health Communication
  56. Effectiveness of a multi-component intervention including pictorial warnings to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption - a randomized controlled trial
    Kumar Guru Mishra, Aliya Afreen, Nabnita Patnaik · 2025 · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
  57. Assessing through focus groups the demand, facilitators, and barriers of a cognitive stimulation intervention for healthy older adults
    V. Velloso, Valentina Herrera, Iris Bomilcar, Júlia Silva de Almeida, Daniel C. Mograbi · 2025 · Scientific Reports
  58. A systematic review of human behavioral response to wildfire smoke
    Caroline Beckman, Isabela Miñana Lovelace, Francisca N. Santana, Megan A. Czerwinski, Sue Anne Bell, Alexandra Paige Fischer · 2025 · Environmental Research Letters
  59. From Risk Perception to Action: Exploring Factors Influencing Evacuation Behavior in a Real Fire Scenario
    Abdelmoutaleb Noumeur, Meriem Narimane Noumeur, Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said, Mohd Rafee Baharudin, Hamdan Mohamed Yusoff, Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir · 2026 · Fire Technology
  60. From anxiety to hope: Do climate change-related emotions influence actual environmental behaviour?
    Magdalena Isabell Schwarz, Victoria Rosenauer, Thomas Vlasak, Alfred Barth · 2026 · Journal of Environmental Psychology
  61. Applying the COM-B behaviour model to understand factors which impact 15–16 year old students’ ability to protect themselves against acquirement of Human Papilloma virus (HPV) in Northern Ireland, UK
    Terri Flood, Ciara Hughes, Iseult M Wilson, Marian McLaughlin · 2024 · PLOS Global Public Health
  62. Exploring the effects of cannabis health warnings on protective health intentions among US adults in legal recreational states
    Zachary B. Massey, Yachao Li, T Zhang, Hue Trong Duong · 2024 · International Journal of Drug Policy
  63. Dynamic Fear in Fear Appeals: Applying Fear Appeals to Environmental Communication in China
    Ruobing Li, Wenbo Li, Christine Gilbert, Xia Zheng, Laura Lindenfeld · 2024 · Journal of Health Communication
  64. Digital strategies intervention and impact in promoting health education and making health decisions among individuals
    Raed Shudifat, Ali Mahmoud Al-Samydai, Lidia Kamal Al‐Halaseh, Sewar G. Shnaikat, Toqa Abu Aboud, Abdulazeez Alzuhairi, Mahmood Jasim Alsamydai, Rudaina Othman Yousif · 2024 · Pharmacia
  65. Posting environmental risk: Communicating with numerical and nonnumerical messaging across information modalities
    Megan L. P. Norman, Jiaqi Agnes Bao, Triwik Kurniasari, Chris Skurka · 2025 · Risk Analysis
  66. Personal relevance moderates the effect of conflicting information on risk perception and behavioral outcomes
    Xinxia Dong, Janet Zheng Yang · 2025 · Risk Analysis
  67. College students’ preferences for information on self-initiated sexually transmitted infection testing
    Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo, Jocelyn Anderson, Britney M. Wardecker · 2020 · Health Education Journal
  68. Brazilian Presidential Pronouncements in the Pandemic: Effectiveness in Crisis Communication and Rule Properties
    Natália Santos Marques, João Aristides Tomaz de Almeida · 2021 · Behavior and Social Issues
  69. When Cigarette Smoking Meets COVID-19: How the Two Types of Threat and Efficacy Perceptions Interactively Predict Danger Control and Fear Control Processes
    Yachao Li, Hue Trong Duong, Zachary B. Massey · 2023 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  70. Tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism: Framework analysis of fear-arousing walking interviews from the city centre of Munich, Germany
    Tomáš Krajňák, Jiří Vágner, Jürgen Schmude · 2023 · European Journal of Tourism Research
  71. Emotional Appeals and Norms: How Normative Perceptions Moderate the Persuasive Impacts of Discrete Emotional Appeals within Tobacco Pictorial Warnings in China
    Ran Tao, Xinyi Wang, Yidi Wang, Heyu Yao, Shiwen Wu, Jiaying Liu, Sijia Yang · 2023 · Health Communication
  72. Behavior Change Approaches for Cyber Security and the Need for Ethics
    Konstantinos Mersinas, Maria Bada · 2024 · Springer proceedings in complexity
  73. “I Don’t Believe in Age; I Believe in Staying Enthusiastic”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study into Recruitment Strategies Stimulating Middle-Aged and Older Adults to Join Physical Activity Interventions
    Janet M. Boekhout, Rieteke Hut, Lilian Lechner, Denise Astrid Peels · 2024 · Geriatrics
  74. Fear as a tool of the electoral narration of the conservative-populist right wing in Poland
    Jakub Potulski, Arkadiusz Modrzejewski · 2024 · XLinguae
  75. Online Media Consumption, Fear, Mental Wellbeing, and Behavioral Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
    Brittany Ming Chu Chan, Barbara C. Schouten, Mark Boukes, Alessandra Chiara Mansueto, Julia C.M. van Weert · 2024 · Journal of Health Communication
  76. Attitudes toward Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention: Implications for Sexuality Education
    Rusi Jaspal · 2025 · American Journal of Sexuality Education
  77. This May Come As a Surprise: How Prior Knowledge of Information in a Fear Appeal is Associated with Message Outcomes
    Burt Davis, Carel Jansen · 2016 · Communicatio
  78. Young people's beliefs about the risk of bowel cancer and its link with physical activity.
    Katie V. Newby, Cook, C., Susanne F. Meisel · 2017 · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
  79. Psychological Armor: The Science News-Letter Warns Against Propaganda (1926–1965)
    Susan E. Swanberg · 2018 · Journalism Studies
  80. Géneros e formatos televisivos da comunicação em saúde na televisão: O talk show Diga Doutor
    Célia Belim, Sofia Lagido · 2021 · Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación
  81. Death primes in advertisements: how international advertisers can ensure their message is effective
    Minton, Elizabeth A., Park, Heejung, Spielmann, Nathalie · 2022 · International Journal of Advertising
  82. Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management in Racial/Ethnic Minorities: Application of the Extended Parallel Processing Model and Sensemaking Theory in a Qualitative Study
    Sarah Bauerle Bass, Deborah Swavely, Shaneisha Allen, Patrick J. A. Kelly, Ariel Hoadley, Yaara Zisman‐Ilani, Maryyam Durrani, Jesse A Brajuha, Amy Iwamaye, Daniel J. Rubin · 2022 · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care
  83. Effect of combining fear and anger in anti-smoking messages to discourage young smokers
    C. Colin, Olivier Droulers · 2022 · Public Health
  84. Exploring the Association between Negative Emotions and COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unvaccinated Adults in Sweden
    Ying Wei, Nigel Walsh Harriman, Rachael N. Piltch-Loeb · 2022 · Vaccines
  85. Egyptian Newspapers Coverage of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Theoretically Driven Content Analysis
    Nour Zeid, Lu Tang · 2022 · Journal of Health Communication
  86. When others control risks: Others‐focused coping with risks from energy projects
    Leonie Vrieling, Goda Perlaviciute, Linda Steg · 2023 · Risk Analysis
  87. What Protects At-Risk Young People in India From Using and Abusing Substances? A Photo-Led Study of Lived Experience
    Siobhan Hugh‐Jones, Raginie Duara, Rebecca Graber, Sangeeta Goswami, Anna Madill · 2024 · Journal of Adolescent Research
  88. Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial
    James Francis Thrasher, Emily E Hackworth, Stuart G. Ferguson, Liyan Xiong, Minji Kim, Chih‐Hsiang Yang, David G. Hammond, Yanwen Sun, James W. Hardin, Jeff Niederdeppe · 2024 · Nicotine & Tobacco Research
  89. The Attitudinal and Motivational Effects of Anti-waterpipe Messages
    Elise M. Stevens, Seung Hyun Kim, Glenn Leshner, Eleanor L.S. Leavens, Jennifer Irvin Vidrine, Summer G Frank-Pearce, Jessica J. Hale, Theodore L. Wagener · 2019 · American Journal of Health Behavior
  90. Physical Health Under the Shadow of Mortality
    Michael N. Bultmann, Jamie Arndt · 2019 · Elsevier eBooks
  91. Mortality salience leads to greater consumption of an ostensibly alcoholic beverage on Friday versus other weekdays
    Simon McCabe, Bruce D. Bartholow · 2019 · British Journal of Health Psychology
  92. The Antecedents of Impulse Buying Behavior During Covid-19 Pandemic: Revealing the Role of Panic Buying, Government Stimulus, Perceived Scarcity, and Fear Appeals
    Alfian Budi Primanto, Rahmawati Rahmawati · 2021 · Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management
  93. EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTION RECOGNITION ABILITY AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOURS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN TURKISH SOCIETY
    Orkun Aydın, Pınar Ünal‐Aydın, Canahmet Boz · 2020 · Epiphany
  94. Narratives of Prevention and Affliction in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms of Influence in a Sample of Middle-aged Women
    Robert A. Bell, Meng Chen, Laramie D. Taylor · 2021 · Journal of Health Communication
  95. Strict and Comprehensive Tobacco Control Policy is Needed: A Qualitative Study Exploring How People Responding a New Policy of Pictorial Health Warning on Cigarette Package in Indonesia
    Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Fitrina Mahardani Kusumaningrum, Lastdes Cristiany Friday, Fahmi Baiquni, Dhiya Urrahman, Rama Nur Kurniawan, Rendra Widyatama · 2021 · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
  96. Fear, Peer Pressure, or Encouragement: Identifying Levers for Nudging Towards Healthier Food Choices in Multi-Cultural Singapore
    Kum Seong Wan, Bryan Jun-Keat Choo, Kwok-Fong Chan, Joshua Yi Yeo, Clare Shu-Lin Tan, Boon‐Kiat Quek, Samuel Ken‐En Gan · 2021 · Preprints.org
  97. Reply to Bhowmik et al.: Democratic climate action and studying extreme climate risks are not in tension
    Luke Kemp, Chi Xu, Joanna Jane Depledge et al. · 2022 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  98. Look away now! Defensive processing and unrealistic optimism by level of alcohol consumption
    James Keoni Morris, Ian P. Albery, Antony C. Moss · 2023
  99. Strategic Communication in Global Health Crises
    Martin Löffelholz, Yi Xu · 2025
  100. The efficacy and feasibility of the Arizona attorney general's school‐based cyber‐safety promotion and cyberbullying prevention intervention among middle school adolescents in Oman
    Jalal Kayed M. Damra, Omar Al Omari · 2022 · Psychology in the Schools