The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 81 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States.
Open accessAbstract
A robust body of scientific evidence has indicated that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in one's life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities. Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to that of many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, health care providers and associations, and public or private health care funders have been slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable to that of other public health priorities. This article evaluates current evidence (on social relationships and health) according to criteria commonly used in determining public health priorities. The article discusses challenges for reducing risk in this area and outlines an agenda for integrating social relationships into current public health priorities. (PsycINFO Database Record
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article argues that social connection should be treated as a U.S. public health priority, applying standard prioritization criteria to existing evidence on relationships and health. It concludes that the size and seriousness of social disconnection rival other leading health determinants, but that intervention science and surveillance infrastructure lag behind.
Key findings
- Applying the Basic Priority Rating System's core criteria (size and seriousness), the authors judge the evidence sufficient to prioritize social connection: being socially connected is linked to roughly a 50% lower risk of premature death, with consistent effects across measurement approaches, gender, age, and country of origin.
- Prevalence indicators cited include 27% of the U.S. population living alone, more than half of adults unmarried, 1 in 5 never married, divorce affecting about 40% of first marriages, 20–43% of adults over 60 reporting frequent or intense loneliness, and 3 in 10 marriages described as severely discordant.
- Urgency is argued from trends: average core network size fell by one-third since 1985, single-occupant households rose 10%, and networks became less likely to include non-kin.
- Intervention evidence is mixed: a meta-analysis of family-involving interventions for chronic illness (over 8,000 patients) found moderate effects, corresponding to a 72–84% greater chance of improved mental or physical health versus usual care, while the ENRICHD trial (over 2,000 post-MI adults) improved support and depression but not event-free survival.
Methods
- Conceptual/analytic review rather than an empirical study; the authors evaluate existing literature against public health prioritization criteria (BPRS, aligned with WHO Health Impact Assessment).
- Evidence drawn from prior meta-analyses, epidemiological cohorts, census and survey data, and randomized trials, benchmarked against established risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and tobacco.
- Recommendations are developed by analogy to the CDC's obesity and physical activity efforts, covering guidelines, surveillance/risk scoring, big-data targeting, and coalition-building.
Limitations
- Stated by the authors: the evidence base is incomplete, with literature gaps, multiple causality, and disappointing interventions; large-scale economic cost estimates for lacking social connection are still needed; societal-level relationship interventions are nearly nonexistent; and precise prevalence estimates are difficult given the multi-factorial construct.
- Evident from the text: this is a narrative synthesis without a systematic search or quality appraisal, and several key figures (e.g., prevalence, effect sizes) are cited secondhand from other sources rather than reanalyzed here.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
70 Not checked yet · 32 Own interpretation · 12 No basis given · 2 Own result
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite these laudable efforts, social relationships remain notably missing from the lists of currently accepted determinants of health for most major U.S. government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders 1 (e.g., Centers for Disease Control [CDC], Healthy People 2020, American Heart Association), and largely unrecognized or underappreciated by the”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Centers for Disease Control [CDC]
- Not checked yetcites Healthy People 2020
- Not checked yetcites American Heart Association
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders are slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable”
- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
In the paper
“Most notably, the World Health Organization (WHO) now lists “Social Support Networks” as a determinant of health (WHO, n.d.)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites WHO, n.d.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A robust body of scientific evidence indicates that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in your life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“Broad-based epidemiological studies provide clear and compelling evidence that social relationship status and functioning predict an array of important health outcomes and risk for premature mortality (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010; Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011; Robles, Slatcher, Trombello, & McGinn, 2014; Shor & Roelfs, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
In the paper
“Across measurement approaches (structural, functional, multi-dimensional), being socially connected is associated with a 50% reduced risk of early death (Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010), demonstrating that social disconnection is indeed a severe problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, a public health focus on social relationships has the potential to make the CDC’s winnable battles more winnable.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence rates or the proportion of the population affected, are also comparable with well-established risk factors (Figure 1b).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, more than a quarter of the US population (27%) lives alone”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A parallel line of work indicates social rejection has damaging effects for psychological and physical well-being through biologically plausible pathways (Slavich & Irwin, 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Slavich & Irwin, 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 34
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although a number of methods exist, this article relies on the Basic Priority Rating System (BPRS; Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990; CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013), which is consistent with the WHO’s Health Impact Assessment. The primary criteria used to prioritize public health concerns are the Size and Seriousness of the problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990
- Not checked yetcites CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“the United Kingdom (UK) Minister of Health has established loneliness as a health priority (UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Decreased community involvement is evidenced by falling rates of volunteerism (US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016) and an increasing percentage of Americans reporting no religious affiliation (Pew Research Center, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although the relative effect varies across social indicators, there is a consistent and significant effect on mortality risk.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining potential moderating factors (e.g., gender, age, country of origin) reveals remarkably consistent and widespread effects across the human population.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that (1) these measures tap into different aspects of relationships with potentially different pathways to health”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings also account for potential confounds (e.g., age and initial health status), and thus also rule out reverse causality.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Given that the incidence of loneliness is known to increase with age (Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005), and that social (particularly friendship) networks shrink with age (Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013), the prevalence of loneliness is estimated to increase with increased population aging.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The divorce rate in the US continues to hover around 40% of first marriages (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“over half the U.S. adult population is unmarried, and 1 in 5 have never married (US Census Bureau, 2012)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CDC identifies “public health priorities with large-scale impact on health and known effective strategies to address them” as Winnable Battles (CDC, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social isolation may result from intrapersonal, behavioral, or environmental factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even from this incomplete list, it is clear that the multi-factorial conceptualization and measurement of social relationships may be a barrier to prioritization.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Defining the Problem
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Average household size has decreased and there has been 10% increase in single occupant households (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Changes in US demographic trends further point to an exacerbation of social disconnection, suggesting an increasing urgency.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, the full scope of the problem will remain unclear until public health surveillance systems begin tracking indictors of social disconnection in a systematic and representative way.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, a significant portion of the US population lack social connections, which places them at greater risk for premature mortality and underlying morbidity”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, comprehensive postpartum social support interventions result in lower normal newborn readmission rates and lower costs (Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key undercurrent of this analysis is that the challenges for elevating social connection as a public health priority are not wholly different from the challenges faced in advancing other currently identified winnable battles.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, the body of evidence in this area is neither complete nor perfect—it is fraught with gaps in the literature, issues of multiple causality, and disappointing interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, social relationships shape interpersonal interactions and intrapersonal experiences that alter health-relevant physiology across the lifespan (Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014; Uchino, 2006) and provide a context for many important health behaviors, including other recognized health determinants (Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Uchino, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Census data also reveal trends in decreased marriage rates, fewer children per household, and increased rates of childlessness (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which result in better treatment outcomes and lowered medical costs”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DiMatteo, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“A large meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for chronic illness that target family relationships (Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004) found small to moderate effects for depressive symptoms, but inconsistent effects on disease outcomes.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, similar challenges exist for other behavioral risk factors that receive considerable public health prioritization including diet, physical activity, tobacco use, etc.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The average size of core social networks has declined by one-third since 1985, and networks have become less diverse; they are less likely to include non-kin (Pew Research Center, 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the first guidelines were released in 1975, with periodic revisions ever since (Haskell et al., 2007).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Evidence-based Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Haskell et al., 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“campaigns can increase the amount of discussion about the issue within social networks and may actually change social norms, leading to changes in behavior without necessarily changing individual attitudes or beliefs directly.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“targeting requires adapting interventions for different cultures (for an example of failing to adapt, see Johnson, 2012; Campos & Kim, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnson, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Campos & Kim, this volume
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“For example, across numerous observational studies, greater physical activity shows a robust association with decreased cardiovascular mortality (Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The latter was considered “a major setback for the funding of such programs, regard for their efficacy…, and funding for future research” (p. 352, Lebow, 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebow, 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The available evidence does not support this conclusion.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“building coalitions with non-profits resulted in funding and development of population-level interventions (e.g., community-based eating interventions supported by Kaiser Permanente), and partnerships that worked together on formulating policy recommendations (Dietz, 2015) and developing media campaigns.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietz, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, it is widely known within public health that effective intervention must operate across multiple levels of analysis in an integrated and systematic way (Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This point buttresses the notion that other areas of public health have a more developed evidence base and are thus riper for large-scale interventions than social connection.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
plainn = 50,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, because of the mixed success of interventions it is also clear that additional work is needed to establish effective public health solutions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Humans need others to survive.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Partnering with community stakeholders allows for bridging gaps along the “pipeline” translating basic research to widespread practice (Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such coalitions can also provide political capital needed to formulate and implement policy recommendations.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
In the paper
“A multi-disciplinary committee evaluated several domains (social integration, social support, loneliness) and based on evidence and appropriateness for inclusion in all EHRs recommended the 4-item Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (Pantell et al., 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pantell et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of one’s sex, country or culture of origin, age or economic background, social connection is crucial to human development, health, and survival.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For multiply-determined health behaviors, ecological models have the potential to integrate diverse theoretical perspectives, and this is certainly the case for multiple health risk factors, including physical activity (Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Ecological and Multilevel Models for Increasing Social Connections
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we must now consider the micro- (e.g., genetic markers of susceptibility, gene-environment interactions) to macro- (e.g., cultural norms, neighborhood characteristics) level processes through which social relationships influence physical health, as well as the pathways by which we may intervene to reduce risk and improve public health.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Framingham risk score, European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, and WHO/International Society of Hypertension scores are used by clinicians to predict the likelihood of a patient developing CVD over the next 10 years (reviewed in Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“evidence-based “risk estimation scores” that incorporate multiple risk factors help guide cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, the importance of primary prevention and early intervention are increasingly recognized (Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The scores incorporate clinical testing (total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure) and self-report information (age, gender, smoking status), and several have risk calculators available online.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such campaigns have the potential to change behavior through several means, including changing cognitions and beliefs, helping people recognize unhealthy social norms, and recognize that positive emotions can come from changing behavior (Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Population surveillance, particularly when combined with “big data” from social media and smartphone apps, can help identify specific populations who may benefit from targeted interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
In the paper
“Such efforts, coupled with partnering with community stakeholders (advocacy groups, governmental agencies, etc.), can sharpen the focus of interventions (Sabir et al., 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sabir et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“Health settings are opportune environments to test and refine relationship interventions (Martire, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, this volume
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Intervention patients reported increased social support and decreased depression compared to control patients, but the intervention failed to increase event-free survival (Berkman et al., 2003).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berkman et al., 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are perhaps no other factors that can have such a large impact on both length and quality of life—from the cradle to the grave.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.
“social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow.
“the pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is unlikely to change until social connection receives greater public health prioritization in terms of attention and resources.
“this is unlikely to change until social connection receive greater public health prioritization— in terms of both attention and resources.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.
“Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
“Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: 1) determining progress towards goals; 2) developing “risk scores” that can be used to forecast risk of future problems; and 3) identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
“Targeted interventions not only require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and/or health status, but where they are in terms of settings (school, work) and geographical location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
“meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when the existing intervention efforts—from individual-level changes to community and societal action—are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
“an obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The literature suggests that a significant part of the population was already lonely, socially isolated, or both before the COVID-19 pandemic [31, 74].”
From Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings are consistent with previous studies that underline the central role of loneliness and social connections in health [48,49].”
From Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the disproportionate focus on biological pathogenesis has diverted empirical attention and resources away from upstream social environmental factors like social connectedness that have a larger effect on older adults’ morbidity and mortality than proximate risk factors, pound for pound.4,5”
From Why the cognitive ‘fountain of youth’ may be upstream: pathways to dementia risk and resilience through social connectedness (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“These findings have led some researchers to propose a multi-factorial approach to social connections, including the structure, function, and quality of relationships, which is critical in understanding the full scope of potential pathways to health risk when insufficient and heath protection when present [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, evidence suggests the actual presence of others-including the existence of relationships and roles, proximity, and regular contact--is a powerful, in some cases stronger predictor of health than other aspects of relationships [2,10].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The evidence suggests each of the components of social connection significantly contributes to health risk or protection [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2454 · Cited by 28,723
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., Fonarow, G. C., Geraci, S. A., Horwich, T., Januzzi, J. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 · Cited by 12,536
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 · Cited by 7,272
Self-citationEvaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework.
Glasgow, R. E., Vogt, T. M., & Boles, S. M. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322 · Cited by 7,217
Social Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073
(2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.185649 · Cited by 6,545 · cited 1×
“Despite concerns about the validity of self-reported physical activity, and the multiple determining factors such as built environment and genetic factors (Blair et al., 2004), the first guidelines were released in 1975, with periodic revisions ever since (Haskell et al., 2007).”
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614568352 · Cited by 6,043
Self-citation2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., Coady, S., D’Agostino, R. B., Gibbons, R., Greenland, P., Lackland, D. T., Levy, D., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005 · Cited by 4,945
From social integration to health: durkheim in the new millennium
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4 · Cited by 4,821
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Barilla D Marshak HH Anderson SE Hopp JW 2010 Can psychosocial support reduce newborn admissions? MCN: The American Journal Of Maternal/Child Nursing 35 1 33 39 10.1097/01.NMC.0000366808.75079.c 20032758 · DOI
- Martire LM Helgeson VS under review
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–980 of 980
Recent Advances in Research on Children’s Friendships
Weeks, M. S., & Asher, S. R. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009381949.009
Relationships and Physical Health
Holt-Lunstad, J. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009381949.032
Self-citationŁyś, A. E., Ignaczak, P., & Stępiński, D. (2026) · V&R unipress eBooks · doi:10.14220/9783737019637.105
Making and keeping timeless connections: Examining friendship among the over‐85 age demographic
Patskanick, T. R., Wu, N., Ashebir, S., & D’Ambrosio, L. A. (2025) · Journal of Elder Policy · doi:10.1002/jey2.70008
Physical exercise and loneliness in higher education: a national study of Norwegian students
Blindheim, S., Johnsen, T. L., Grasdalsmoen, M., Sivertsen, B., & Eriksen, H. R. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04183-4
“Loneliness has emerged as a significant public health concern associated with a wide range of adverse physical and mental health outcomes, including higher risk of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation [1], cardiovascular heart disease [2], and mortality [3].”
Development and Testing of the Social Connection in Long-Term Care Home Residents (SONNET) Scale
Sommerlad, A., Stewart, S., Chapman, H., Dewan, N., Livingston, G., McGilton, K. S., Banerjee, S., Corazzini, K., Edvardsson, D., Liougas, M. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261425289
Kang, H., Kim, B., Hyun, J., Chu, S. H., & Choi, J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121536
Sudnongbua, S., & Chuamuangphan, S. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07280-6
“Importantly, living arrangements affect health not only as structural residential patterns but also through underlying psychosocial mechanisms, particularly social support and social connectedness [4].”
Marshall, E. M., Pilkington, P. D., & Karantzas, G. C. (2026) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2026.2639384
Surkalim, D. L., Farzana, A., Choo, W. Y., Hussein, S., Hébert, P. C., Welch, V. A., Ghogomu, E. T., & Mikton, C. (2026) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/s12963-026-00472-7
“Examples include the development of national policies surrounding the design of neighborhoods [66], education campaigns for raising awareness and destigmatization of SIL [67], and greater provision of resources surrounding best SIL practices [67].”
Swensen, S. J., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197825303.003.0033
Associations between migrant status, social isolation, and loneliness among older adults in India
Muhammad, T., Pai, M., Rishad, M., Murmu, A., Afsal, K., & Ali, W. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07316-x
Lonely Work: Gig Work, Workplace Technology and Working-Class Loneliness
Bousquet, C. (2026) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-026-06289-6 · Cited by 1
Hassen, N., Altman, I., Gallagher-Ross, A., Uttley, A., & Mulligan, K. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-026-01171-4
Reconfiguring Intimacy With AI Companions
Wenxi, W. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6623-4.ch003
Meaning in life in emerging adults from a UK birth cohort: Predictors and mental health outcomes
Halstead, I. N., Heron, J., Haworth, C. M. A., von Gontard, A., & Joinson, C. J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121646
Gouin, J., Sánchez‐Carro, Y., Cruz, I. P., & MacNeil, S. (2026) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2026.109244
Cooke, M. E., Kuo, S., Lumpe, E., Aliev, F., Brislin, S., Bucholz, K., Chan, G., Dick, D., Edenberg, H., Kamarajan, C., et al. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726103237
An appreciative inquiry into protective lifestyle factors for longevity
Roberson, L. B., Obeng, R., Dada, O. M., Naber, J., Malm, E. K., Heinrich, E., & Dodd, A. (2026) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2026.2650502
Yumuk, E. D., Güngörmüş, H. A., Kurudirek, M. İ., & Ceyhan, O. (2026) · Research in Sport Education and Sciences · doi:10.62425/rses.1747545
Shriver, R. C., Rassaby, M. M., Collins, A. C., & Taylor, C. T. (2026) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100177
Yang, S., Wu, J., Klimentidis, Y. C., & Sbarra, D. A. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.08.26350412
Self-citationSocial workers’ encounters with loneliness and social isolation
Casas-Martí, J., Grela, P. D. G., & García-Aguña, S. (2026) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/14680173261441699 · Cited by 1
Wijnen, S. M. C. E., Steijvers, L. C., Crutzen, R., van Daalen, F., Jahn, B., Siebert, U., Li, N., Hiligsmann, M., Chevalier, J. M., Kretzschmar, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-026-02725-z
Tefera, G. M., Robinson, E. L., & Park, G. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01809-1
Kwon, S., Nicastri, C. M., Bhanji, J. P., & Delgado, M. R. (2026) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag138
“Given the significance of strong social ties for well-being (6), we investigated how missed social opportunities impact closeness development between strangers by exploring the behavioral, affective, and neural consequences of these forgone moments of connection.”
Fan, H., Wu, Y., Hu, Y., He, K., Luo, F., Ma, H., & You, J. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261442091
Impett, E. A. (2026) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683261441653
“Holt-Lunstad et al. (2017) have advocated for the development of national guidelines on social connection, modeled after existing guidelines for nutrition and physical activity (Holt-Lunstad, 2023).”
Xu, M., Wang, Q., Ji, Y., Tang, Y., & Xu, L. (2026) · Empirical Studies of the Arts · doi:10.1177/02762374261445305
Choi, H., Reblin, M., & Litzelman, K. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261446693
Marabel-Whitburn, K., Marshall, E. M., Olsson, C. A., Macdonald, J. A., Spry, E., Aarsman, S. R., Letcher, P., Kretschmer, T., & Greenwood, C. J. (2026) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.70184
“Paying greater attention to the developmental conditions for quality intimate partner relationships is a public health priority (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; World Health Organisation, 2025).”
Shi, W., Donovan, E. E., & Mackert, M. (2026) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171261452422
Harris, K., Haddock, G., Peters, S., Mulligan, L. D., & Gooding, P. A. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08092-z
“Specifically, we excluded structural and demographic indicants, such as social networks size, living situation and relationship status [43] which may be important determinants of suicidal experiences in people with recent onset psychosis.”
Abplanalp, S. J., Green, M. F., Koziol, K., Oiknine, F., & Catalano, L. T. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgag020
A Social Healing Model and Its Application to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Wampold, B. E., & Wenzel, A. E. (2026) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05191-2_2
Chronotype and daily social connectedness: Insights from a 30-day diary study
Nogalski, S., & Rogoza, R. (2026) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2026.2678282
“…has led many researchers to adopt a broad perspective, viewing it as a general sense of belonging, a perception of having an extensive social network and social support, feelings of closeness, and the absence of isolation (Santini et al. 2015; Holt-Lunstad et al. 2017; Wickramaratne et al. 2022).”
Moran, D. S., L’Heureux, B. A., Boisvert, L. A., Amarante, C. M., Morrill, E. J., Donnelly, S. L., Flaherty, E., & Kraft, S. A. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-02099-3
Zhou, X., Yuan, L., Lv, Y., Wei, Z., & Zhou, L. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2683910
The medicalization of loneliness: Addressing social ills through healthcare
Hiltner, S. (2026) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spag034
Interventions for Intimate Relationships
Georgia, E. J., Stripling, A. M., David, G., Podberesky, A., Wang, N., & Jubran, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29009-1.00045-7
Kersey, J., Lee, S., Connor, L. T., Shyres, S., Alimi, E., Serrano, N. R., Kim, M. Y., Sang, P. V., Casem, N., Le, C., et al. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2025-003445
“10 Emerging intervention research has incorporated social support into interventions to enhance health and well-being among people with chronic health conditions and disabilities.”
Hou, C., Tam, W., Rahmadianty, A. A., Rajendra, P., & Eisingerich, A. B. (2026) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/89304 · Cited by 1
“Addressing perceived loneliness is perhaps one of the most pressing psychosocial challenges of our time [1-7].”
Pet Ownership and Expansion to Enhance Economic Resilience
Vasa, A., Sankathala, S., & Das, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2513-0.ch011
Connection Starts in the Cradle
He, L., Harold, S. F. (., & Frydrysiak-Brzozowska, A. (2026) · Newborn · doi:10.5005/newborn-5-2-iv
Wong, J., Wong, K. L. Y., Zhao, Y., Meng, C., Lin, M., Boucher, N. A., & Hung, L. (2026) · Sage Open Aging · doi:10.1177/30495334261461981
“Research on health policy has increasingly moved beyond biomedical outcomes to emphasize broader determinants of well-being, including purpose, connection, and generativity (Doerwald et al., 2021; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Trudel-Fitzgerald et al., 2019).”
Baek, J., Ryu, B., & Park, S. (2026) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2026.2693869
Wang, H., Wu, Y., Sun, R., Feng, L., & Li, L. (2026) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afag148
Threats to social safety and pain: A global study
Baranik, L. E., Gorman, B., Seguin, C., & Schubiner, H. H. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106374
Lemon, S. C., Leider, J., Goins, K. V., & Chriqui, J. F. (2026) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103713
Silva, B., Gonçalves, S., Gonçalves, R., Zamith, J., & Lima, R. (2026) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2026.2697854
Alone Together? New Insights on Belonging for Student and Institutional Success
Felten, P., & Pleschová, G. (2026) · Change The Magazine of Higher Learning · doi:10.1080/00091383.2026.2657781
Generational caregiver connectedness and social technology: A qualitative study
Pohl, J. S., Dolan, H., Kolodisner, J. G., & Coon, D. W. (2026) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2026.104165
Primate Aging, Health, and Social Relationships
Patterson, S. K., Godoy, I., Snyder‐Mackler, N., Higham, J. P., & Brent, L. J. N. (2026) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-041224-025204
Gao, W., Zhao, J., Nachula, P., Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, S., Zhou, F., & Han, J. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2026.100641
Measuring Social Connectedness as a Dimension of Multidimensional Poverty or Well-Being
McQuillen, S., Anand, P., & Samuel, K. (2026) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-026-03908-7
Schwarz, S., & Klümper, L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-73419-3_9
Working Out Loud Resilience in Cooperative Extension: Results from an Internal Pilot Program
Buckingham-Schutt, L., Sellers, D., Swanson, B. D., & Gatewood, J. C. (2026) · Journal of Human Sciences and Extension · doi:10.55533/2325-5226.1586
Miao, Y., Zhang, J., Zhu, D., Shen, Z., Feng, Y., Tarimo, C. S., Si, Y., Li, Q., Shi, L., & Wu, J. (2026) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afag234
Rivet, B., Wozencroft, A. J., & Stowell, D. (2026) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities6040069
“Given the clinical importance of social connections, overnight programs geared towards individuals with disabilities may help to improve the quality of life for populations who experience barriers to inclusion in communitas elsewhere [33].”
Social Isolation, eHealth Engagement, and Psychological Distress Among U.S. Adults
Roy, T. J., & Bonya, B. M. (2026) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981261479302
Hsu, Y., & Ransome, Y. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.08.019
Global Belonging: From Conflict and Exclusion to Untapped Potential
Allen, K. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-869-820261007
Social Connection, Support, and Identity in Grief Interventions: A Scoping Review
McCuaig‐Walton, A., Rathbone, J. A., Cruwys, T., & Evans, O. (2026) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.70085
Hsu, Y., Villalonga-Olives, E., Rice, B. M., Taggart, T., Williams, D. R., & Ransome, Y. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2723232
Factors Related to Social Disconnectedness Among Older Veterans: A Scoping Review
Cruz, M. R., Naik, A. D., Tsai, J., Schick, V., & Burnett, J. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261481220
Karagöz, Ö., Karagöz, U., Tozduman, B., & Sözmen, M. K. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14182896
Mattheiss, S. R., & Diessner, R. (2026) · Integratus · doi:10.1521/intg.2026.4.3.216
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Loneliness is correlated with cancer mortality in US counties: an ecological analysis
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“The U.S. Surgeon General’s 2023 Advisory on Social Connection emphasizes loneliness as a public health priority [9], citing one study describing loneliness as equivalent to 15 cigarettes smoked a day [10].”
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An approach–Avoidance structural model of perceived social functioning in physical education
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 517-530
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC5598785
- OpenAlex
- W2753856199
- Semantic Scholar
- 561bcde6a55108702613088051cae3513733d04a
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 61.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069498, R03HD077387)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, public health priorities, health determinants, all-cause mortality, morbidity, close relationships, social determinants of health, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Health Priorities, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Public Health, Social Support, United States, Social Determinants of Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-05, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-05 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
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