The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 81 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States.
Open accessAbstract
A robust body of scientific evidence has indicated that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in one's life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities. Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to that of many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, health care providers and associations, and public or private health care funders have been slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable to that of other public health priorities. This article evaluates current evidence (on social relationships and health) according to criteria commonly used in determining public health priorities. The article discusses challenges for reducing risk in this area and outlines an agenda for integrating social relationships into current public health priorities. (PsycINFO Database Record
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article argues that social connection should be treated as a U.S. public health priority, applying standard prioritization criteria to existing evidence on relationships and health. It concludes that the size and seriousness of social disconnection rival other leading health determinants, but that intervention science and surveillance infrastructure lag behind.
Key findings
- Applying the Basic Priority Rating System's core criteria (size and seriousness), the authors judge the evidence sufficient to prioritize social connection: being socially connected is linked to roughly a 50% lower risk of premature death, with consistent effects across measurement approaches, gender, age, and country of origin.
- Prevalence indicators cited include 27% of the U.S. population living alone, more than half of adults unmarried, 1 in 5 never married, divorce affecting about 40% of first marriages, 20–43% of adults over 60 reporting frequent or intense loneliness, and 3 in 10 marriages described as severely discordant.
- Urgency is argued from trends: average core network size fell by one-third since 1985, single-occupant households rose 10%, and networks became less likely to include non-kin.
- Intervention evidence is mixed: a meta-analysis of family-involving interventions for chronic illness (over 8,000 patients) found moderate effects, corresponding to a 72–84% greater chance of improved mental or physical health versus usual care, while the ENRICHD trial (over 2,000 post-MI adults) improved support and depression but not event-free survival.
Methods
- Conceptual/analytic review rather than an empirical study; the authors evaluate existing literature against public health prioritization criteria (BPRS, aligned with WHO Health Impact Assessment).
- Evidence drawn from prior meta-analyses, epidemiological cohorts, census and survey data, and randomized trials, benchmarked against established risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and tobacco.
- Recommendations are developed by analogy to the CDC's obesity and physical activity efforts, covering guidelines, surveillance/risk scoring, big-data targeting, and coalition-building.
Limitations
- Stated by the authors: the evidence base is incomplete, with literature gaps, multiple causality, and disappointing interventions; large-scale economic cost estimates for lacking social connection are still needed; societal-level relationship interventions are nearly nonexistent; and precise prevalence estimates are difficult given the multi-factorial construct.
- Evident from the text: this is a narrative synthesis without a systematic search or quality appraisal, and several key figures (e.g., prevalence, effect sizes) are cited secondhand from other sources rather than reanalyzed here.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 81 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite these laudable efforts, social relationships remain notably missing from the lists of currently accepted determinants of health for most major U.S. government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders 1 (e.g., Centers for Disease Control [CDC], Healthy People 2020, American Heart Association), and largely unrecognized or underappreciated by the”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Centers for Disease Control [CDC]
- Not checked yetcites Healthy People 2020
- Not checked yetcites American Heart Association
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders are slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable”
- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
In the paper
“Most notably, the World Health Organization (WHO) now lists “Social Support Networks” as a determinant of health (WHO, n.d.)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites WHO, n.d.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A robust body of scientific evidence indicates that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in your life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“Broad-based epidemiological studies provide clear and compelling evidence that social relationship status and functioning predict an array of important health outcomes and risk for premature mortality (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010; Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011; Robles, Slatcher, Trombello, & McGinn, 2014; Shor & Roelfs, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
In the paper
“Across measurement approaches (structural, functional, multi-dimensional), being socially connected is associated with a 50% reduced risk of early death (Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010), demonstrating that social disconnection is indeed a severe problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, a public health focus on social relationships has the potential to make the CDC’s winnable battles more winnable.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
Tests✓ Asserted: passes? Checkable: unclear✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence rates or the proportion of the population affected, are also comparable with well-established risk factors (Figure 1b).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“For example, more than a quarter of the US population (27%) lives alone”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“A parallel line of work indicates social rejection has damaging effects for psychological and physical well-being through biologically plausible pathways (Slavich & Irwin, 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Slavich & Irwin, 2014
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 34
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although a number of methods exist, this article relies on the Basic Priority Rating System (BPRS; Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990; CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013), which is consistent with the WHO’s Health Impact Assessment. The primary criteria used to prioritize public health concerns are the Size and Seriousness of the problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990
- Not checked yetcites CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“the United Kingdom (UK) Minister of Health has established loneliness as a health priority (UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Decreased community involvement is evidenced by falling rates of volunteerism (US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016) and an increasing percentage of Americans reporting no religious affiliation (Pew Research Center, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2015
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although the relative effect varies across social indicators, there is a consistent and significant effect on mortality risk.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining potential moderating factors (e.g., gender, age, country of origin) reveals remarkably consistent and widespread effects across the human population.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that (1) these measures tap into different aspects of relationships with potentially different pathways to health”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings also account for potential confounds (e.g., age and initial health status), and thus also rule out reverse causality.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Given that the incidence of loneliness is known to increase with age (Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005), and that social (particularly friendship) networks shrink with age (Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013), the prevalence of loneliness is estimated to increase with increased population aging.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The divorce rate in the US continues to hover around 40% of first marriages (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“over half the U.S. adult population is unmarried, and 1 in 5 have never married (US Census Bureau, 2012)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CDC identifies “public health priorities with large-scale impact on health and known effective strategies to address them” as Winnable Battles (CDC, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2015
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social isolation may result from intrapersonal, behavioral, or environmental factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even from this incomplete list, it is clear that the multi-factorial conceptualization and measurement of social relationships may be a barrier to prioritization.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Defining the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Average household size has decreased and there has been 10% increase in single occupant households (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Changes in US demographic trends further point to an exacerbation of social disconnection, suggesting an increasing urgency.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, the full scope of the problem will remain unclear until public health surveillance systems begin tracking indictors of social disconnection in a systematic and representative way.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, a significant portion of the US population lack social connections, which places them at greater risk for premature mortality and underlying morbidity”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, comprehensive postpartum social support interventions result in lower normal newborn readmission rates and lower costs (Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key undercurrent of this analysis is that the challenges for elevating social connection as a public health priority are not wholly different from the challenges faced in advancing other currently identified winnable battles.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, the body of evidence in this area is neither complete nor perfect—it is fraught with gaps in the literature, issues of multiple causality, and disappointing interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, social relationships shape interpersonal interactions and intrapersonal experiences that alter health-relevant physiology across the lifespan (Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014; Uchino, 2006) and provide a context for many important health behaviors, including other recognized health determinants (Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Uchino, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Census data also reveal trends in decreased marriage rates, fewer children per household, and increased rates of childlessness (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which result in better treatment outcomes and lowered medical costs”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DiMatteo, 2004
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A large meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for chronic illness that target family relationships (Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004) found small to moderate effects for depressive symptoms, but inconsistent effects on disease outcomes.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, similar challenges exist for other behavioral risk factors that receive considerable public health prioritization including diet, physical activity, tobacco use, etc.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The average size of core social networks has declined by one-third since 1985, and networks have become less diverse; they are less likely to include non-kin (Pew Research Center, 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2009
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the first guidelines were released in 1975, with periodic revisions ever since (Haskell et al., 2007).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Evidence-based Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Haskell et al., 2007
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“campaigns can increase the amount of discussion about the issue within social networks and may actually change social norms, leading to changes in behavior without necessarily changing individual attitudes or beliefs directly.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“targeting requires adapting interventions for different cultures (for an example of failing to adapt, see Johnson, 2012; Campos & Kim, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnson, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Campos & Kim, this volume
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“For example, across numerous observational studies, greater physical activity shows a robust association with decreased cardiovascular mortality (Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The latter was considered “a major setback for the funding of such programs, regard for their efficacy…, and funding for future research” (p. 352, Lebow, 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebow, 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The available evidence does not support this conclusion.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“building coalitions with non-profits resulted in funding and development of population-level interventions (e.g., community-based eating interventions supported by Kaiser Permanente), and partnerships that worked together on formulating policy recommendations (Dietz, 2015) and developing media campaigns.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietz, 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, it is widely known within public health that effective intervention must operate across multiple levels of analysis in an integrated and systematic way (Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This point buttresses the notion that other areas of public health have a more developed evidence base and are thus riper for large-scale interventions than social connection.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 50,000Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, because of the mixed success of interventions it is also clear that additional work is needed to establish effective public health solutions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Humans need others to survive.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Partnering with community stakeholders allows for bridging gaps along the “pipeline” translating basic research to widespread practice (Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such coalitions can also provide political capital needed to formulate and implement policy recommendations.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
In the paper
“A multi-disciplinary committee evaluated several domains (social integration, social support, loneliness) and based on evidence and appropriateness for inclusion in all EHRs recommended the 4-item Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (Pantell et al., 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pantell et al., 2013
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of one’s sex, country or culture of origin, age or economic background, social connection is crucial to human development, health, and survival.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For multiply-determined health behaviors, ecological models have the potential to integrate diverse theoretical perspectives, and this is certainly the case for multiple health risk factors, including physical activity (Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Ecological and Multilevel Models for Increasing Social Connections
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we must now consider the micro- (e.g., genetic markers of susceptibility, gene-environment interactions) to macro- (e.g., cultural norms, neighborhood characteristics) level processes through which social relationships influence physical health, as well as the pathways by which we may intervene to reduce risk and improve public health.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Framingham risk score, European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, and WHO/International Society of Hypertension scores are used by clinicians to predict the likelihood of a patient developing CVD over the next 10 years (reviewed in Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“evidence-based “risk estimation scores” that incorporate multiple risk factors help guide cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, the importance of primary prevention and early intervention are increasingly recognized (Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The scores incorporate clinical testing (total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure) and self-report information (age, gender, smoking status), and several have risk calculators available online.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such campaigns have the potential to change behavior through several means, including changing cognitions and beliefs, helping people recognize unhealthy social norms, and recognize that positive emotions can come from changing behavior (Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Population surveillance, particularly when combined with “big data” from social media and smartphone apps, can help identify specific populations who may benefit from targeted interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
In the paper
“Such efforts, coupled with partnering with community stakeholders (advocacy groups, governmental agencies, etc.), can sharpen the focus of interventions (Sabir et al., 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sabir et al., 2009
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“Health settings are opportune environments to test and refine relationship interventions (Martire, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, this volume
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Intervention patients reported increased social support and decreased depression compared to control patients, but the intervention failed to increase event-free survival (Berkman et al., 2003).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berkman et al., 2003
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are perhaps no other factors that can have such a large impact on both length and quality of life—from the cradle to the grave.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.
“social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow.
“the pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is unlikely to change until social connection receives greater public health prioritization in terms of attention and resources.
“this is unlikely to change until social connection receive greater public health prioritization— in terms of both attention and resources.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.
“Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
“Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: 1) determining progress towards goals; 2) developing “risk scores” that can be used to forecast risk of future problems; and 3) identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
“Targeted interventions not only require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and/or health status, but where they are in terms of settings (school, work) and geographical location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
“meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when the existing intervention efforts—from individual-level changes to community and societal action—are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
“an obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The literature suggests that a significant part of the population was already lonely, socially isolated, or both before the COVID-19 pandemic [31, 74].”
From Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings are consistent with previous studies that underline the central role of loneliness and social connections in health [48,49].”
From Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the disproportionate focus on biological pathogenesis has diverted empirical attention and resources away from upstream social environmental factors like social connectedness that have a larger effect on older adults’ morbidity and mortality than proximate risk factors, pound for pound.4,5”
From Why the cognitive ‘fountain of youth’ may be upstream: pathways to dementia risk and resilience through social connectedness (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“These findings have led some researchers to propose a multi-factorial approach to social connections, including the structure, function, and quality of relationships, which is critical in understanding the full scope of potential pathways to health risk when insufficient and heath protection when present [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, evidence suggests the actual presence of others-including the existence of relationships and roles, proximity, and regular contact--is a powerful, in some cases stronger predictor of health than other aspects of relationships [2,10].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The evidence suggests each of the components of social connection significantly contributes to health risk or protection [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Sorted by citations
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
“75,76 The effectiveness of arts-based interventions also needs to be assessed 77 as do other generative activities that boost positive coping and resilience throughout society, from community-based activities, to life-skills classes, to exercising outdoors.”
BackgroundThe trajectory of loneliness in response to COVID-19
Luchetti, M., Lee, J. H., Aschwanden, D., Sesker, A., Strickhouser, J. E., Terracciano, A., & Sutin, A. R. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000690 · Cited by 903
“It is not the mere absence of social contacts that has a negative impact on health, but rather the perceived discrepancy between one’s desired and perceived quality of social relationships (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020; Shankar, McMunn, Banks, & Steptoe, 20…”
BackgroundHolt-Lunstad, J. (2018) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902 · Cited by 873
“As argued elsewhere (see Holt-Lunstad et al. 2017), all three of these components are important to consider in assessing health and mortality risk.”
BackgroundSelf-citationReport of the Lancet Commission on the Value of Death: Bringing death back into life
Sallnow, L., Smith, R., Ahmedzai, S. H., Bhadelia, A., Chamberlain, C., Cong, Y., Doble, B., Dullie, L., Durie, R., Finkelstein, E. A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02314-x · Cited by 807
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“Despite the variability in strength of magnitude, there is evidence across social connection indicators of a significant effect on mortality risk that is comparable to other factors that currently receive substantial public health attention and resources (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHolt‐Lunstad, J. (2022) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732 · Cited by 642
Self-citationSlavich, G. M. (2020) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045159 · Cited by 502
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““Social connection” has been offered as an umbrella term to encompass these distinct but re lated terms 4,8,15,105 .”
Self-citationLoneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL)
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“Researchers in fields ranging from psychology and epidemiology to sociology have been aware of these findings for several decades, but its implications have only recently begun to be appreciated more widely [4].”
BackgroundSocial support, social integration, and inflammatory cytokines: a meta-analysis
Uchino, B. N., Trettevik, R., Kent de Grey, R. G., Cronan, S., Hogan, J., & Baucom, B. R. W. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000594 · Cited by 320
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“, positive or negative such as relationship quality or strain) aspects of social relationships (35, 36).”
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Self-citationStrategies to Promote Social Connections Among Older Adults During “Social Distancing” Restrictions
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BackgroundSocial isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health
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“What Is Social Connectedness? -A multifactorial construct that represents the structural (eg, network size, marital status), functional (eg, perceived social support), and quality (eg, positive or negative) aspects of social relationships.(11) On a continuum of low to high, isolation, loneliness, and relationship stra…”
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“Relationships with others are an important part of life; high quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to those in one’s life have been associated with decreased mortality and disease morbidity (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSmartphones and close relationships: the case for an evolutionary mismatch
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“Taken together, given the significant prevalence of social disconnection, particularly for vulnerable groups of individuals, loneliness should be considered a serious public health concern [35, 36].”
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“To date, social connectedness and belonging was investigated moslty in context of specific predefined communities [6,30,37].”
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“Increasingly the literature suggests that we must carefully define isolation and loneliness, be clear on what we are measuring [22], and recognize that both isolation and loneliness can affect health in different ways [23].”
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Tyrrell, C. J., & Williams, K. N. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000845 · Cited by 140
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“These three dimensions, while interrelated [9–12], represent unique aspects of social well-being [4], each with potentially differing implications for health outcomes [13, 14].”
Isabet, B., Pino, M., Lewis, M., Benveniste, S., & Rigaud, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073597 · Cited by 128
“It is usually distinguished from the feeling of loneliness, which lies more in a sense of dissatisfaction than in the absence of social relations [1].”
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“Interventions should possibly be upscaled from the individual and group levels to the population level, based on previous evidence addressing exposures of similar natures [47,48].”
BackgroundMarkman, H. J., Hawkins, A. J., Stanley, S. M., Halford, W. K., & RHOADES, G. K. (2021) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12565 · Cited by 98
Assessment of the growth in social groups for sustainable agriculture and land management
Pretty, J., Attwood, S. J., Bawden, R. J., van den Berg, H., Bharucha, Z. P., Dixon, J., Flora, C. B., Gallagher, K., Genskow, K., Hartley, S. E., et al. (2020) · Global Sustainability · doi:10.1017/sus.2020.19 · Cited by 101
Cumulative effect of loneliness and social isolation on health outcomes among older adults
Barnes, T. L., MacLeod, S., Tkatch, R., Ahuja, M., Albright, L., Schaeffer, J. A., & Yeh, C. S. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1940096 · Cited by 97
“…framework demonstrates that there is a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and social isolation under the umbrella term social connection (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017) as well as a relationship with pre-existing risk factors, and specific health outcomes (Donovan & Blazer, 2020; NASEM…”
BackgroundConnectome-based individualized prediction of loneliness
Feng, C., Wang, L., Li, T., & Xu, P. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz020 · Cited by 90
“Due to the increasing prevalence of loneliness and its detrimental effects in modern societies, many researchers have advocated the medical solution of loneliness as a public health problem (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Cacioppo and Cacioppo, 2018).”
BackgroundFong, P., Cruwys, T., Robinson, S. L., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Mance, P. L., & Fisher, C. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113909 · Cited by 97
Slavich, G. M. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101299 · Cited by 97
Slavich, G. M., Taylor, S., & Picard, R. W. (2019) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2019.1584180 · Cited by 85
Pohl, T. T., Young, L. J., & Bosch, O. J. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.011 · Cited by 83
“The presence of rewarding social relationships is regarded as an important factor in the regulation of health and well-being, exerting a beneficial influence on both physical and emotional health not only in early life but also during adulthood (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; House et al., 1988; Uchino, 2006; Yang et al.,…”
BackgroundEconomic Gradients in Social Health in Britain
Kung, C. S. J., Pudney, S. E., & Shields, M. A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115122 · Cited by 90
Fostering Social Connection in the Workplace
Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2018) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117118776735a · Cited by 97
Self-citationPahl, D. A., Wieder, M. S., & Steinberg, D. M. (2021) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.010 · Cited by 90
AI Companions Reduce Loneliness
De Freitas, J., Uğuralp, A. K., Uğuralp, Z., & Puntoni, S. (2024) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4893097 · Cited by 80
Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Kandlur, R., Esposito, E. C., & Liu, R. T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654 · Cited by 79
“Connectedness has been conceptualized to include subjective (i.e., feeling satisfied in interpersonal relationships and social groups) and structural components (i.e., social networks and integration; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Townsend & McWhirter, 2005; Whitlock et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHolt‐Lunstad, J., & Uchino, B. N. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619861392 · Cited by 88
Self-citationFreak‐Poli, R., Kung, C. S. J., Ryan, J. L., & Shields, M. A. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac039 · Cited by 86
“…cognition and an increased risk of dementia, and ultimately a higher risk of mortality (Cacioppo & Cacioppo, 2014; Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009; Gerst-Emerson & Jayawardhana, 2015; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010, 2015, 2017; Liu et al., 2020; Spreng et al., 2020; Szabó et al., 2020; Wilson et al., 2007).”
Social isolation and social connectedness among young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review
Fox, R. S., Armstrong, G. E., Gaumond, J. S., Vigoureux, T. F. D., Miller, C. H., Sanford, S. D., Salsman, J. M., Katsanis, E., Badger, T. A., Reed, D. R., et al. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34934 · Cited by 79
“According to Holt‐Lunstad and colleagues,(7) social isolation is a lack of interaction, contact, and/or relationships with other individuals and/or with society at large,(8,9) whereas social connection comprises the combined structural and functional components of social relationships.(7) Broadly conceptualized as umb…”
BackgroundPretty, J., & Barton, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217769 · Cited by 88
“At the same time, it is clear that the socially connected live longer and are happier [34], and countries with higher levels of trust in other people are happier [17,22].”
BackgroundFranke, T., Sims‐Gould, J., Nettlefold, L., Ottoni, C. A., & McKay, H. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10363-1 · Cited by 95
Slavich, G. M., Roos, L. G., & Zaki, J. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1950695 · Cited by 82
“…with decreases in loneliness, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep disruption, hypertension, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and suicide, as well as with a reduced likelihood of early mortality (Cacioppo & Patrick, 2008; Fisher et al., 2015; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Taylor & Broffman, 2011).”
BackgroundA Middle-Range Theory of Social Isolation in Chronic Illness
Iovino, P., Vellone, E., Cedrone, N., & Riegel, B. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064940 · Cited by 88
“The term social isolation captures a dense, multi-dimensional construct, reflecting the structural and functional aspects of social engagement or relationships [11].”
BackgroundSocial Isolation: An Unequally Distributed Health Hazard
Umberson, D., & Donnelly, R. (2023) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-012001 · Cited by 90
Changing the narrative: Loneliness as a social justice issue
Barreto, M., Doyle, D. M., & Qualter, P. (2024) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12965 · Cited by 90
“The magnitude and consistency of the associations between health and loneliness have led to calls for loneliness to be considered a public health priority (Cacioppo & Cacioppo, 2018; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.) et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPerry, B. L., McConnell, W. R., Coleman, M. E., Roth, A. R., Peng, S., & Apostolova, L. G. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12443 · Cited by 77
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Characterizing the mechanisms of social connection
Delgado, M. R., Fareri, D. S., & Chang, L. J. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.012 · Cited by 88
“204 Additionally, prosocial behaviors, such as donating time for a common cause, 205,206 and collective behaviors, including marching for a common cause, or even just getting together with others for a favorite television show watch party, are all examples of actions that may help build new…”
BackgroundSebastião, É., & Mirda, D. (2021) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01722-w · Cited by 80
Nakagomi, A., Tsuji, T., Saito, M., Ide, K., Kondo, K., & Shiba, K. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115937 · Cited by 81
Neural signatures of natural behaviour in socializing macaques
Testard, C., Tremblay, S., Parodi, F., DiTullio, R. W., Acevedo-Ithier, A., Gardiner, K. L., Kording, K. P., & Platt, M. L. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07178-6 · Cited by 85
Smith, T. B., Workman, C. D., Andrews, C., Barton, B., Cook, M., Layton, R. G., Morrey, A., Petersen, D., & Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003595 · Cited by 81
Self-citationLoneliness, Social Isolation, and All-Cause Mortality in a Large Sample of Older Adults
Barnes, T. L., Ahuja, M., MacLeod, S., Tkatch, R., Albright, L., Schaeffer, J. A., & Yeh, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643221074857 · Cited by 84
“…higher rates of depression and cognitive decline (Beutel et al., 2017; Drageset et al., 2013; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010; HoltLunstad et al. 2015; Holt-Lunstad et al. 2017; IOM, 2014; Kelly et al., 2017; Kuiper et al., 2015; Luo & Waite., 2014; Musich et al., 2015; Ong et al., 2016;…”
BackgroundNiles, A. N., & O'Donovan, A. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000707 · Cited by 73
I may never see the ocean again: Loss and grief among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ishikawa, R. Z. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000695 · Cited by 70
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Sbarra, D. A., Ramadan, F. A., Choi, K. W., Treur, J. L., Levey, D. F., Wootton, R. E., Stein, M. B., Gelernter, J. E., & Klimentidis, Y. C. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02259-w · Cited by 74
“Results from this study may be useful for informing public health interventions that seek to reduce or alter loneliness in service of reducing risk for depressive illness, and we would expect to see decreases in loneliness as depression abates as well [12].”
Self-citationBack to the Future: Mentoring as Means and End in Promoting Child Mental Health
Cavell, T. A., Spencer, R., & McQuillin, S. D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1875327 · Cited by 73
“Indeed, a lack of social relationships is a risk factor for mortality among adults on par with that of smoking (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017, 2010), and longitudinal studies have linked social isolation in childhood with poorer health outcomes among adults (e.g., Caspi et al., 2006; Lacey et al.,…”
BackgroundJoshi, P., Hendrie, K., Jester, D. J., Dasarathy, D., Lavretsky, H., Ku, B. S., Leutwyler, H. C., Torous, J. B., Jeste, D. V., & Tampi, R. R. (2023) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610223000923 · Cited by 68
“Considerable scienti fi c evidence shows that being embedded in close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in one ’ s life is associated with a signi fi cantly reduced risk for a range of disease morbidities and all-cause mortality (Holt-Lunstad et al ., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialDean, D. J., Tso, I. F., Giersch, A., Lee, H.-S., Baxter, T., Griffith, T., Song, L., & Park, S. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113593 · Cited by 66
Social support and depression during a global crisis
Choi, K. W., Lee, Y. A., Liu, Z., Fatori, D., Bauermeister, J. R., Luh, R. A., Clark, C. R., Brunoni, A. R., Bauermeister, S., & Smoller, J. W. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00078-0 · Cited by 86
Leveraging the power of mutual aid, coalitions, leadership, and advocacy during COVID-19.
Domínguez, D. G., García, D., Martínez, D. A., & Hernandez-Arriaga, B. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000693 · Cited by 66
The CANDOR corpus: Insights from a large multimodal dataset of naturalistic conversation
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“It has a substantial impact on people ’ s mental and physical health ( 14 , 15 ), and more recently, generative models of conversation have emerged as a major mile-stone in artificial intelligence ( 16 – 18 ).”
Murray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K. D., Christopoulos, C., & Meyer, A. L. (2019) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-019-00556-1 · Cited by 80
The Prospective Association of Social Integration With Life Span and Exceptional Longevity in Women
Trudel‐Fitzgerald, C., Zevon, E. S., Kawachi, I. I., Tucker‐Seeley, R. D., Grodstein, F., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz116 · Cited by 63
“We focus on social integration because it has been associated with health outcomes more consistently than other social relationship constructs such as emotional social support (Cohen & Janicki-Deverts, 2009; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Nausheen, Gidron, Peveler, & Moss-Morris, 2009).”
BackgroundIs There an App for That?: Ethical Issues in the Digital Mental Health Response to COVID-19
Skorburg, J. A., & Yam, J. (2021) · AJOB Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/21507740.2021.1918284 · Cited by 65
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“In addition, marital status was identified to be crucial for social connectedness [56].”
BackgroundWigfield, A., Turner, R., Alden, S., Green, M., & Karania, V. K. (2022) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s147474642000055x · Cited by 61
“Holt-Lunstad et al. (2017) do also recognise the importance of social relationships through social connectedness and do so through a typology of structural, functional, and qualitative dimensions, each of which exhibit multiple-causal elements, where structural refers to factors such as social…”
BackgroundInfluentialGirmay, M., & Singh, G. K. (2019) · International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health · doi:10.21106/ijtmrph.82 · Cited by 61
Reducing loneliness and improving well-being among older adults with animatronic pets
Tkatch, R., Wu, L., MacLeod, S., Ungar, R., Albright, L., Russell, D., Murphy, J., Schaeffer, J., & Yeh, C. S. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1758906 · Cited by 65
“The research on social isolation primarily considers the absence of social relationships or the quantity of those relationships, while loneliness is conceptualized by the quality of the relationship or the self-perception of feeling alone (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
BackgroundVolunteering and loneliness in older adults: A parallel mediation model
Lee, S. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1913477 · Cited by 67
“For example, Kahana et al. (2013) showed that altruistic attitudes and behaviors (i.”
BackgroundInfluentialLoneliness During a Nationwide Lockdown and the Moderating Effect of Extroversion
Entringer, T. M., & Gosling, S. D. (2022) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211037871 · Cited by 55
“Even before the pandemic, loneliness was known to be a major public health issue, associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDoes optimal parenting style help offspring maintain healthy weight into mid-life?
Chen, Y., Kawachi, I. I., Berkman, L. F., Trudel‐Fitzgerald, C., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.001 · Cited by 57
“From a lifecourse perspective, parental influences may shape offspring health not only in childhood but also well into adulthood (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
Shrout, M. R. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100328 · Cited by 62
Metadata
- Authors
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 517-530
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC5598785
- OpenAlex
- W2753856199
- Semantic Scholar
- 561bcde6a55108702613088051cae3513733d04a
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 61.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069498, R03HD077387)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, public health priorities, health determinants, all-cause mortality, morbidity, close relationships, social determinants of health, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Health Priorities, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Public Health, Social Support, United States, Social Determinants of Health
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