The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 81 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States.
Open accessAbstract
A robust body of scientific evidence has indicated that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in one's life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities. Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to that of many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, health care providers and associations, and public or private health care funders have been slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable to that of other public health priorities. This article evaluates current evidence (on social relationships and health) according to criteria commonly used in determining public health priorities. The article discusses challenges for reducing risk in this area and outlines an agenda for integrating social relationships into current public health priorities. (PsycINFO Database Record
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article argues that social connection should be treated as a U.S. public health priority, applying standard prioritization criteria to existing evidence on relationships and health. It concludes that the size and seriousness of social disconnection rival other leading health determinants, but that intervention science and surveillance infrastructure lag behind.
Key findings
- Applying the Basic Priority Rating System's core criteria (size and seriousness), the authors judge the evidence sufficient to prioritize social connection: being socially connected is linked to roughly a 50% lower risk of premature death, with consistent effects across measurement approaches, gender, age, and country of origin.
- Prevalence indicators cited include 27% of the U.S. population living alone, more than half of adults unmarried, 1 in 5 never married, divorce affecting about 40% of first marriages, 20–43% of adults over 60 reporting frequent or intense loneliness, and 3 in 10 marriages described as severely discordant.
- Urgency is argued from trends: average core network size fell by one-third since 1985, single-occupant households rose 10%, and networks became less likely to include non-kin.
- Intervention evidence is mixed: a meta-analysis of family-involving interventions for chronic illness (over 8,000 patients) found moderate effects, corresponding to a 72–84% greater chance of improved mental or physical health versus usual care, while the ENRICHD trial (over 2,000 post-MI adults) improved support and depression but not event-free survival.
Methods
- Conceptual/analytic review rather than an empirical study; the authors evaluate existing literature against public health prioritization criteria (BPRS, aligned with WHO Health Impact Assessment).
- Evidence drawn from prior meta-analyses, epidemiological cohorts, census and survey data, and randomized trials, benchmarked against established risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and tobacco.
- Recommendations are developed by analogy to the CDC's obesity and physical activity efforts, covering guidelines, surveillance/risk scoring, big-data targeting, and coalition-building.
Limitations
- Stated by the authors: the evidence base is incomplete, with literature gaps, multiple causality, and disappointing interventions; large-scale economic cost estimates for lacking social connection are still needed; societal-level relationship interventions are nearly nonexistent; and precise prevalence estimates are difficult given the multi-factorial construct.
- Evident from the text: this is a narrative synthesis without a systematic search or quality appraisal, and several key figures (e.g., prevalence, effect sizes) are cited secondhand from other sources rather than reanalyzed here.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
70 Not checked yet · 32 Own interpretation · 12 No basis given · 2 Own result
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite these laudable efforts, social relationships remain notably missing from the lists of currently accepted determinants of health for most major U.S. government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders 1 (e.g., Centers for Disease Control [CDC], Healthy People 2020, American Heart Association), and largely unrecognized or underappreciated by the”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Centers for Disease Control [CDC]
- Not checked yetcites Healthy People 2020
- Not checked yetcites American Heart Association
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, healthcare providers and associations, and public/private healthcare funders are slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable”
- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § The Seriousness of the Problem · boosted
In the paper
“Most notably, the World Health Organization (WHO) now lists “Social Support Networks” as a determinant of health (WHO, n.d.)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites WHO, n.d.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A robust body of scientific evidence indicates that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in your life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“Broad-based epidemiological studies provide clear and compelling evidence that social relationship status and functioning predict an array of important health outcomes and risk for premature mortality (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010; Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011; Robles, Slatcher, Trombello, & McGinn, 2014; Shor & Roelfs, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
In the paper
“Across measurement approaches (structural, functional, multi-dimensional), being socially connected is associated with a 50% reduced risk of early death (Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010), demonstrating that social disconnection is indeed a severe problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holt-Lunstad, Smith & Layton, 2010
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, a public health focus on social relationships has the potential to make the CDC’s winnable battles more winnable.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence rates or the proportion of the population affected, are also comparable with well-established risk factors (Figure 1b).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, more than a quarter of the US population (27%) lives alone”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A parallel line of work indicates social rejection has damaging effects for psychological and physical well-being through biologically plausible pathways (Slavich & Irwin, 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Slavich & Irwin, 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Figure 1a, the magnitude of effect of social connection on mortality risk is comparable, and in many cases exceeds, that of other well-accepted risk factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 34
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although a number of methods exist, this article relies on the Basic Priority Rating System (BPRS; Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990; CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013), which is consistent with the WHO’s Health Impact Assessment. The primary criteria used to prioritize public health concerns are the Size and Seriousness of the problem.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vilnius & Dandoy, 1990
- Not checked yetcites CDC: Prioritizing Health Problems, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“the United Kingdom (UK) Minister of Health has established loneliness as a health priority (UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites UK Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Decreased community involvement is evidenced by falling rates of volunteerism (US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016) and an increasing percentage of Americans reporting no religious affiliation (Pew Research Center, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although the relative effect varies across social indicators, there is a consistent and significant effect on mortality risk.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining potential moderating factors (e.g., gender, age, country of origin) reveals remarkably consistent and widespread effects across the human population.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that (1) these measures tap into different aspects of relationships with potentially different pathways to health”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings also account for potential confounds (e.g., age and initial health status), and thus also rule out reverse causality.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Given that the incidence of loneliness is known to increase with age (Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005), and that social (particularly friendship) networks shrink with age (Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013), the prevalence of loneliness is estimated to increase with increased population aging.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dykstra, van Tilburg, & de Jong Gierveld, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Wrzus, Wagner, Hanel, & Neyer, 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The divorce rate in the US continues to hover around 40% of first marriages (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“over half the U.S. adult population is unmarried, and 1 in 5 have never married (US Census Bureau, 2012)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CDC identifies “public health priorities with large-scale impact on health and known effective strategies to address them” as Winnable Battles (CDC, 2015).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social isolation may result from intrapersonal, behavioral, or environmental factors.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even from this incomplete list, it is clear that the multi-factorial conceptualization and measurement of social relationships may be a barrier to prioritization.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Defining the Problem
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Average household size has decreased and there has been 10% increase in single occupant households (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Changes in US demographic trends further point to an exacerbation of social disconnection, suggesting an increasing urgency.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, the full scope of the problem will remain unclear until public health surveillance systems begin tracking indictors of social disconnection in a systematic and representative way.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Size of the Problem
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, a significant portion of the US population lack social connections, which places them at greater risk for premature mortality and underlying morbidity”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > Prioritization Summary
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, comprehensive postpartum social support interventions result in lower normal newborn readmission rates and lower costs (Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barilla, Marshak, Anderson & Hopp, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key undercurrent of this analysis is that the challenges for elevating social connection as a public health priority are not wholly different from the challenges faced in advancing other currently identified winnable battles.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, the body of evidence in this area is neither complete nor perfect—it is fraught with gaps in the literature, issues of multiple causality, and disappointing interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, social relationships shape interpersonal interactions and intrapersonal experiences that alter health-relevant physiology across the lifespan (Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014; Uchino, 2006) and provide a context for many important health behaviors, including other recognized health determinants (Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hostinar, Sullivan, & Gunnar, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Uchino, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Census data also reveal trends in decreased marriage rates, fewer children per household, and increased rates of childlessness (US Census Bureau, 2011).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which result in better treatment outcomes and lowered medical costs”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DiMatteo, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“A large meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for chronic illness that target family relationships (Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004) found small to moderate effects for depressive symptoms, but inconsistent effects on disease outcomes.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, Lustig, Schulz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, similar challenges exist for other behavioral risk factors that receive considerable public health prioritization including diet, physical activity, tobacco use, etc.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The average size of core social networks has declined by one-third since 1985, and networks have become less diverse; they are less likely to include non-kin (Pew Research Center, 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Criteria for Establishing Public Health Priorities > The Seriousness of the Problem
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pew Research Center, 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the first guidelines were released in 1975, with periodic revisions ever since (Haskell et al., 2007).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Evidence-based Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Haskell et al., 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“campaigns can increase the amount of discussion about the issue within social networks and may actually change social norms, leading to changes in behavior without necessarily changing individual attitudes or beliefs directly.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“targeting requires adapting interventions for different cultures (for an example of failing to adapt, see Johnson, 2012; Campos & Kim, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnson, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Campos & Kim, this volume
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“For example, across numerous observational studies, greater physical activity shows a robust association with decreased cardiovascular mortality (Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nocon, Hiemann, Müller-Riemenschneider, et al., 2008
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The latter was considered “a major setback for the funding of such programs, regard for their efficacy…, and funding for future research” (p. 352, Lebow, 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebow, 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The available evidence does not support this conclusion.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“building coalitions with non-profits resulted in funding and development of population-level interventions (e.g., community-based eating interventions supported by Kaiser Permanente), and partnerships that worked together on formulating policy recommendations (Dietz, 2015) and developing media campaigns.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietz, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, it is widely known within public health that effective intervention must operate across multiple levels of analysis in an integrated and systematic way (Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Vogt, & Boldes, 1998
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This point buttresses the notion that other areas of public health have a more developed evidence base and are thus riper for large-scale interventions than social connection.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
plainn = 50,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, because of the mixed success of interventions it is also clear that additional work is needed to establish effective public health solutions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Multiply-determined Risk Factors
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Humans need others to survive.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Partnering with community stakeholders allows for bridging gaps along the “pipeline” translating basic research to widespread practice (Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glasgow, Green, Taylor, & Stange, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such coalitions can also provide political capital needed to formulate and implement policy recommendations.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
In the paper
“A multi-disciplinary committee evaluated several domains (social integration, social support, loneliness) and based on evidence and appropriateness for inclusion in all EHRs recommended the 4-item Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (Pantell et al., 2013).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pantell et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of one’s sex, country or culture of origin, age or economic background, social connection is crucial to human development, health, and survival.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For multiply-determined health behaviors, ecological models have the potential to integrate diverse theoretical perspectives, and this is certainly the case for multiple health risk factors, including physical activity (Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Ecological and Multilevel Models for Increasing Social Connections
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bauman, Reis, Sallis, et al., 2012
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we must now consider the micro- (e.g., genetic markers of susceptibility, gene-environment interactions) to macro- (e.g., cultural norms, neighborhood characteristics) level processes through which social relationships influence physical health, as well as the pathways by which we may intervene to reduce risk and improve public health.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Framingham risk score, European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, and WHO/International Society of Hypertension scores are used by clinicians to predict the likelihood of a patient developing CVD over the next 10 years (reviewed in Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“evidence-based “risk estimation scores” that incorporate multiple risk factors help guide cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, the importance of primary prevention and early intervention are increasingly recognized (Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003)”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > Early Intervention and Prevention are Critical for Health Promotion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anderson, Shinn, Fullilove, et al., 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The scores incorporate clinical testing (total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure) and self-report information (age, gender, smoking status), and several have risk calculators available online.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff, Lloyd-Jones, Bennett, et al., 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such campaigns have the potential to change behavior through several means, including changing cognitions and beliefs, helping people recognize unhealthy social norms, and recognize that positive emotions can come from changing behavior (Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Population surveillance, particularly when combined with “big data” from social media and smartphone apps, can help identify specific populations who may benefit from targeted interventions.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
In the paper
“Such efforts, coupled with partnering with community stakeholders (advocacy groups, governmental agencies, etc.), can sharpen the focus of interventions (Sabir et al., 2009).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Surveillance: Toward a Social Connection “Risk Score”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sabir et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
In the paper
“Health settings are opportune environments to test and refine relationship interventions (Martire, this volume).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Recommendations and Future Policies > Assembling the Capability for Large-scale Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martire, this volume
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Intervention patients reported increased social support and decreased depression compared to control patients, but the intervention failed to increase event-free survival (Berkman et al., 2003).”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Targeting Social Relationships to Promote Public Health > From Observational Science to Intervention Science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berkman et al., 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are perhaps no other factors that can have such a large impact on both length and quality of life—from the cradle to the grave.”
§ Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States > Conclusion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.
“social connection is largely ignored as a health determinant because public and private stakeholders are not entirely sure how to act.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow.
“the pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is considerably slow”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pace of developing effective social relationship interventions is unlikely to change until social connection receives greater public health prioritization in terms of attention and resources.
“this is unlikely to change until social connection receive greater public health prioritization— in terms of both attention and resources.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.
“Accurately forecasting risk is critical for prevention efforts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: determining progress towards goals, developing risk scores to forecast future problems, and identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.
“Population-level surveillance serves three important functions: 1) determining progress towards goals; 2) developing “risk scores” that can be used to forecast risk of future problems; and 3) identifying at-risk populations based on demographics, health status, and location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Targeted interventions require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics and/or health status, and where they are in terms of settings and geographical location.
“Targeted interventions not only require knowing who is at risk in terms of demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and/or health status, but where they are in terms of settings (school, work) and geographical location.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when existing intervention efforts are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.
“meaningful public health benefits will only be realized when the existing intervention efforts—from individual-level changes to community and societal action—are deeply rooted in science and the pursuit of translatable research findings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.
“an obvious concern for prioritizing social connection is jumping to action ahead of the available data.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The literature suggests that a significant part of the population was already lonely, socially isolated, or both before the COVID-19 pandemic [31, 74].”
From Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings are consistent with previous studies that underline the central role of loneliness and social connections in health [48,49].”
From Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the disproportionate focus on biological pathogenesis has diverted empirical attention and resources away from upstream social environmental factors like social connectedness that have a larger effect on older adults’ morbidity and mortality than proximate risk factors, pound for pound.4,5”
From Why the cognitive ‘fountain of youth’ may be upstream: pathways to dementia risk and resilience through social connectedness (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“These findings have led some researchers to propose a multi-factorial approach to social connections, including the structure, function, and quality of relationships, which is critical in understanding the full scope of potential pathways to health risk when insufficient and heath protection when present [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, evidence suggests the actual presence of others-including the existence of relationships and roles, proximity, and regular contact--is a powerful, in some cases stronger predictor of health than other aspects of relationships [2,10].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The evidence suggests each of the components of social connection significantly contributes to health risk or protection [2,4].”
From Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2454 · Cited by 28,723
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., Fonarow, G. C., Geraci, S. A., Horwich, T., Januzzi, J. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 · Cited by 12,536
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 · Cited by 7,272
Self-citationEvaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework.
Glasgow, R. E., Vogt, T. M., & Boles, S. M. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322 · Cited by 7,217
Social Relationships and Health
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“Despite concerns about the validity of self-reported physical activity, and the multiple determining factors such as built environment and genetic factors (Blair et al., 2004), the first guidelines were released in 1975, with periodic revisions ever since (Haskell et al., 2007).”
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614568352 · Cited by 6,043
Self-citation2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., Coady, S., D’Agostino, R. B., Gibbons, R., Greenland, P., Lackland, D. T., Levy, D., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005 · Cited by 4,945
From social integration to health: durkheim in the new millennium
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4 · Cited by 4,821
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Barilla D Marshak HH Anderson SE Hopp JW 2010 Can psychosocial support reduce newborn admissions? MCN: The American Journal Of Maternal/Child Nursing 35 1 33 39 10.1097/01.NMC.0000366808.75079.c 20032758 · DOI
- Martire LM Helgeson VS under review
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 980
Almalki, S. A. (2025) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70073 · Cited by 1
The demography of loneliness: Rethinking social connections in population research
Passarelli-Araújo, H. (2026) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2026.54.5 · Cited by 2
“…more than 3 million participants confirm these patterns and indicate that the magnitude of this risk is comparable to well-established health factors such as obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity (Holt-Lunstad et al. 2015; Holt-Lunstad, Robles, and Sbarra 2017; Leigh-Hunt et al. 2017).”
Lutz, J., Davis, C. H., Gould, C. E., & Beaudreau, S. A. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2610829 · Cited by 1
“…frequently reported weaker social connections or smaller social networks than women, and older men with weaker social connections were at greater risk of dementia than older men with intermediate or stronger social connections, which was not the case with older women (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
InfluentialChallenging Negative Expectations to Combat Loneliness in Bereavement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wanza, C., Rief, W., & Doering, B. K. (2026) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10712-z · Cited by 1
Hsu, Y., Song, Z., Villalonga-Olives, E., Rice, B. M., Taggart, T., Williams, D. R., & Ransome, Y. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121235 · Cited by 2
Olivares-Tirado, P. (2026) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2026.142019 · Cited by 1
Merscher, J., Retz, W., Turner, D., Retz‐Junginger, P., & Barra, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1759667 · Cited by 1
“On the one hand, existing studies largely focus on adolescents with ADHD (63, 64), and on the other, PCEs and ACEs are often examined in isolation from one another (65 – 67).”
Boredom and Phubbing; A Multiple Mediation Model
Şengül, H. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00606-6 · Cited by 1
Yang, Y., Payne, M., Yang, X., & Nuzhath, T. (2026) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106268 · Cited by 1
Self-Expansion Activities with a Partner as One Path to Well-Being
Aron, A. P., & Tomlinson, J. M. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16050700 · Cited by 1
“A classic meta-analysis (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017) found that relationship quality was a stronger predictor of longevity than even smoking or obesity.”
Metaphors and the Body: Perceived Locations for the Self Are Influenced by Conceptual Metaphor
Robinson, M. D., As’ad, M., Hornbacher, L. J., Pringle, T. A., & Irvin, R. L. (2026) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218261468338 · Cited by 1
Hou, T., Ho, M., & Lin, C. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2700451 · Cited by 1
Manley, A., Morgan, H. J., & Bush, A. (2026) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2026.2710081 · Cited by 1
Shin, J.-E. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1591343 · Cited by 1
Commercial Life: The Private Sector’s Contribution to Wellbeing
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“Social connection has been identified as a public health priority (Holt-Lunstad, 2017; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017), and is often positioned, in various forms, as an outcome of leisure experiences (Aron & Aron, 1986; Hodge et al., 2017; Kleiber et al., 2011).”
BackgroundImpact of social connectedness on weight loss outcomes in an online program
Gilder, C. M., Gorin, A. A., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Stowers, K. C., McCaffery, J. M., Denmat, Z., Field, C. M., Wyckoff, E. P., LaRose, J. G., O’Connor, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00447-1 · Cited by 1
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“Research indicates that social networks have declined, with fewer individuals participating in community, religious, and other similar activities that once enhanced social support systems (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).”
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“The with overall decreased risk for all-cause mortality and disease morbidity [ 11].”
Coping With Poor Well-Being Issues
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“As social animals, social connectedness, defined by the structure, function, and quality of the relationships one creates with one’s community and environment (Deitz et al., 2020; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017), is an intrinsic need of humans (Cacioppo & Hawkey, 2009).”
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“Most of the literature on PA focuses on the construct of social support, and most of these studies do not formally measure social networks (i.e., the structural features of social relationships) [19].”
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“…of microlevel isolation, social interaction is a broad term encompassing various related constructs, such as integration, social support, and relationship status, which have gained increasing scholarly attention in recent decades (Holt ‐ Lunstad, Robles, and Sbarra 2017; Yue et al. 2013).”
Houston, K., Shannonhouse, L., Kelleher, K., LeBlanc, E. L., Dailey, A., Fullen, M. C., & Spafford, S. G. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2515181 · Cited by 1
“Although there is increasing attention to the negative impacts of social isolation and loneliness for people of all ages (Holt-Lunstad et al. 2017), older adults may be especially vulnerable (Tyrrell & Williams, 2020).”
Fan, H., Zheng, M., Zhang, Q., Sha, S., Feng, Y., Su, Z., Cheung, T. C. C., Ungvari, G. S., Balbuena, L., & Xiang, Y. (2025) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796025100188 · Cited by 1
“Its health impact is comparable to smoking 15 cigarettes/day and exceeds the risks associated with obesity and physical inactivity (Holt-Lunstad et al. , 2017).”
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“It is a bottom up approach [13] to overcome the separation between health and social care, that is still a burning issue at community care level in Italy as in many European countries.”
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“In other settings, social integration, as a type of social support, has been shown to be most predictive of mortality (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010, 2017).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 517-530
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC5598785
- OpenAlex
- W2753856199
- Semantic Scholar
- 561bcde6a55108702613088051cae3513733d04a
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 61.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069498, R03HD077387)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, public health priorities, health determinants, all-cause mortality, morbidity, close relationships, social determinants of health, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Health Priorities, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Public Health, Social Support, United States, Social Determinants of Health
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