Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition of contextual fear at long or short context-shock intervals.
Open accessAbstract
Rats received N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and then 10 aversive conditioning trials in which exposure to a context was paired with footshock. For half the animals, shock was presented 1 min after the onset of each context exposure; for the other half, shock was presented after 10 min. With the 1-min context duration, aversive conditioning (measured by freezing) was unaffected by BNST lesion. In contrast, at the 10-min duration, lesioned animals froze substantially less than sham controls. When 1-min-conditioned animals were left in the context for 10 min, freezing that was evident (though declining) throughout the test was not affected by the BNST lesion. When freezing over 10 min was similarly examined in the 10-min-conditioned animals, BNST lesions caused a deficit that was consistently evident over time. The results indicate that the BNST is involved in aversive conditioning to long-duration, but not merely contextual, conditional stimuli. Results may be less consistent with the view that BNST becomes activated after prolonged fear than the view that it is involved when a cue's onset has a remote temporal relation to shock.
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The amygdala's function is detecting and controlling behavioural and physiological responses to immediate danger, while uncertain threats are processed by the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST).
“According to recent research, the amygdala's function is detecting and controlling the behavioural and physiological responses to immediate danger while the uncertain threats are processed by the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST; Walker and Davis 2008; Hammack et al . 2015) (Fig. 2).”
From Recent findings in the pathogenesis and treatment of fear and anxiety (2022) · cites this paper as Hammack et al . 2015
The Discussion (page unavailable) says BNST activity is recruited by stimuli predicting a temporally distant threat, supporting the BNST portion of the claim. It only proposes the central amygdala as a possible region that takes control as shock becomes imminent; it does not establish that the amygdala detects immediate danger or controls the resulting behavioural and physiological responses. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Hammack, S. E., Todd, T. P., Kocho-Schellenberg, M., & Bouton, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 673-678
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- PMC
- PMC4586907
- OpenAlex
- W1439188128
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (RO1 DA 033123 and MH-97988)
- University of Vermont
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, contextual fear, aversive conditioning, NMDA lesions, footshock, freezing behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Aversive Therapy, Conditioning, Classical, Cues, Fear, Female, Septal Nuclei, N-Methylaspartate, Rats, Wistar, Rats
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