The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the LS is associated with electrical self-stimulation in rats and humans [34,35]”
From Involvement of dopamine, but not norepinephrine, in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile socially rewarding behavior by vasopressin (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“other studies indicating that the LS is part of the brain reward system.”
From Involvement of dopamine, but not norepinephrine, in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile socially rewarding behavior by vasopressin (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“The rats persistently and repeatedly chose to stimulate the VTA mesolimbic DA pathway (but not other brain areas), often to the exclusion of other behaviors.”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“Dopamine neurotransmission is strongly implicated in the reinforcement of self-administering drugs or electrical stimulation in animals.”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“Perhaps the single most compelling piece of evidence that moved motivation theory away from negative drive theories to positive incentive theories of motivation came from 1960s studies of reward and hunger motivation caused by brain electrode stimulation – mostly at sites in the lateral hypothalamus that indirectly also activated mesolimbic dopamine systems (Olds and Milner, 1954; Valenstein et al”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Olds and Milner, 1954
Citations
Cites
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061
Skinner, B. F. (1938) · Cited by 3,571
Brady, J. V., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1953) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059531 · Cited by 593
Increase of Food Intake Induced by Electrical Stimulation of the Lateral Hypothalamus
Delgado, J. M. R., & Anand, B. K. (1952) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1952.172.1.162 · Cited by 321
Electrical and chemical stimulation of frontotemporal portion of limbic system in the waking animal
MacLean, P. D., & Delgado, J. R. (1953) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(53)90056-x · Cited by 262
Effects of thalamic stimulation in unanaesthetised animals
Hunter, J. R., & Jasper, H. H. (1949) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(49)90196-0 · Cited by 190
Accurate placement of minute lesions in the brain of the albino rat.
Krieg, W. J. S. (1946) · PubMed · Cited by 136
Permanent implantation of multilead electrodes in the brain.
Delgado, J. M. R. (1952) · PubMed · Cited by 71
A NEW TYPE OF BEHAVIOUR THEORY
Deutsch, J. A. (1953) · British Journal of Psychology General Section · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1953.tb01211.x · Cited by 68
Responses Evoked in Waking Cat by Electrical Stimulation of Motor Cortex
Delgado, J. M. R. (1952) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1952.171.2.436 · Cited by 32
Introduction to a theory of motivation in learning.
Seward, J. P. (1952) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0059839 · Cited by 13
A neural model for sign-Gestalt theory.
Olds, J. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0062417 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1959) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0040934 · Cited by 5,681
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.110 · Cited by 5,340
Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons
Schultz, W. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1 · Cited by 4,564
Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.679 · Cited by 4,027
The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging
Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 · Cited by 3,718
Metadata
- Authors
- Olds, J., & Milner, P.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
- Published
- 1954
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 419-427
- ISSN
- 0021-9940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025440394
- Cited by
- 3,176
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 151 · 2018: 125 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 106
- FWCI
- 13.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- positive reinforcement, electrical brain stimulation, septal area, septal nuclei, reward, rat brain, operant conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cerebral Ventricles, Electric Stimulation, Learning, Reinforcement, Psychology, Septum of Brain, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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