Sluggish cognitive tempo and student-teacher relationship quality: short-term longitudinal and concurrent associations
Open accessAbstract
Although sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is associated with poorer peer functioning, no study has examined SCT in relation to student-teacher relationship quality. The current study examined whether SCT, as rated by both teachers and children, was uniquely associated with poorer student-teacher relationship quality above and beyond child demographics and other mental health symptoms (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder [ODD/CD], anxiety/depression). Gender was examined as a possible moderator of the association between SCT and student-teacher relationship quality. Participants were 176 children in 1st-6th grades and their teachers. Teachers rated children's SCT and other mental health symptoms in the fall semester (T1) and the student-teacher relationship (conflict and closeness) 6 months later (T2). Children provided self-ratings of SCT at T2. Above and beyond age, gender, and other mental health symptoms, teacher-rated SCT at T1 was associated with greater student-teacher conflict at T2. This association was qualified by a SCT × Gender interaction, with SCT associated with greater conflict for girls but not boys. Further, child-rated SCT was also associated with greater teacher-rated conflict, above and beyond covariates. In addition, teacher-rated SCT at T1 was the only mental health dimension to be significantly associated with less student-teacher closeness at T2. Findings extend the social difficulties associated with SCT to the student-teacher relationship, an important relationship associated with children's academic and socioemotional outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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SCT appears more strongly related to depression than to anxiety.
“SCT appears more strongly related to depression than to anxiety.26,27,104–106”
From Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The Discussion says SCT is more closely associated with internalizing than externalizing symptoms, but does not compare depression with anxiety. The Present Study groups depression and anxiety together as a covariate; searches for separate SCT–depression and SCT–anxiety correlations found no passage establishing which relationship is stronger. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Holdaway, A. S., & Becker, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- School Psychology Quarterly
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 537-546
- ISSN
- 1045-3830 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1560
- PMC
- PMC6139091
- OpenAlex
- W2791162412
- Semantic Scholar
- 382fdeca21fb1f305e557afb6c491b54235a862b
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- School Psychology Quarterly (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Psychological Foundation
- Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH108603)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- sluggish cognitive tempo, teacher-student relationship, teacher-student conflict, gender differences, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, social difficulties, teacher ratings, child self-report
- MeSH terms
- School Teachers, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Peer Group, Sex Factors, Students
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