Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Abstract
It is widely believed that low self-esteem (SE) is associated with greater substance use, although previous research has been unable to support such a relationship consistently. The present study used the "social deviance model" to investigate whether SE was differentially related to substance use for respondents in varying cultural norms. Responses to intensity of tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, and drug use, SE, and cultural norm items from over 2,000 high school and college students failed to support this model.
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The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is the most commonly used measure for explicit self-esteem.
“The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) [43] is the most commonly used measure for explicit self-esteem.”
From The impact of mortality salience and explicit self-esteem on plastic reduction intention: A moderated mediation model (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
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“They used both qualitative and quantitative tools, such as diary writing (Jacelon and Imperio, 2005), the Friendship Scale to quantify older people’s social isolation (Hawthorne, 2006), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965).”
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“Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES; M. Rosenberg, 1965).”
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“The RSES (Rosenberg, 1965) has demonstrated internal reliability in a community sample of sexually active women (α = .83; Hatcher & Hall, 2009), as also reflected in the current study (α = .91).”
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“Following the experiment, participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire [Rosenberg 1965], the Body Image Questionnaire [Clement and Löwe 1996], the Body Comparison Scale [Fisher et al. 2002] (for the results, see Table 1), and a post-questionnaire.”
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“Participants completed the 10-item Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE) scale (Rosenberg, 1965 ) at T1, which measures trait self-esteem on a scale from 1 ( strongly agree ) to 4 ( strongly disagree ).”
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“To measure self-esteem, six statements from Rosenberg’s self-esteem (RSES) scale were used (Rosenberg, 1965).”
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“The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to assess self-esteem.”
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“…ansiedade, aparência física e atributos, popularidade, felicidade e satisfação; 2) Rosenberg (ROS) Escala de autoestima (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965): 10 itens, unidimensional; 3) Inventário de Crenças de Controle (ICCAC), Agência e Competência (Domínio Acadêmico) - (Skinner,…”
BackgroundTimková, V., Mináriková, D., Fábryová, Ľ., Bučková, J., Minárik, P., Katreniaková, Z., & Nagyová, I. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1280071 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“40 points, with a higher score indicating higher levels of self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965).”
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Santos, C. P., Hutchinson, K., Khan, V.-J., & Markopoulos, P. (2017) · International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3025171.3025196 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), is the most-widely used scale to measure self-esteem in the social sciences [21].”
BackgroundHoward, L. M., Heron, K. E., & Cramer, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09819-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rosenberg, M.
- Corresponding author
- Rosenberg, M.
- Venue
- PsycTESTS Dataset
- Published
- 1965
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 123
- Pages
- 523-42
- OpenAlex
- W2912905337
- Cited by
- 1,226
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 230 · 2024: 217 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- Type
- dataset
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PsycTESTS Dataset (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sound Ideas (University of Puget Sound) (submittedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Keywords
- Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, self-esteem, substance use, cultural norms, tobacco use, cannabis use, alcohol consumption, drug use, high school students, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Models, Theoretical, Religion, Self Concept, Smoking, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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