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‘Pheromones’: a New Term for a Class of Biologically Active Substances
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“The term pheromone was coined to describe a chemical substance which carries a message about the physiological or behavioral state of an insect to members of its own species, resulting in 'a specific reaction, for example a definite behaviour or a developmental process' (Karlson and Luscher, 1959).”
From Human Vomeronasal Organ Function: A Critical Review of Best and Worst Cases (2001) · cites this paper as Karlson and Luscher, 1959
In the citing paper
“It can be argued (Beauchamp et al., 1976) that there is no need for a special term for mutually beneficial chemical communication, but, as emphasized by Karlson and Luscher (Karlson and Luscher, 1959), some distinction between communication and a casual use of chemosensory information does seem a useful distinction.”
From Human Vomeronasal Organ Function: A Critical Review of Best and Worst Cases (2001) · cites this paper as Karlson and Luscher, 1959
In the citing paper
“It is clear in the original description, and in a later more extensive review of examples (Karlson and Butenandt, 1959), that this was to be real communication, beneficial to the sender and, by implication, to the receiver.”
From Human Vomeronasal Organ Function: A Critical Review of Best and Worst Cases (2001) · cites this paper as Karlson and Luscher, 1959
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Research works printed but not linked: 12
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- Karlson, P., and Butenandt, A., Ann. Rev. Ent., 4 (in the press).
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- Götz, B., Experientia, 7, 408 (1951). · DOI
- Butenandt, A., Nova Acta Leop. Carol., N.F., 17, 445 (1955).
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“…as substances that elicited or released a response in a conspecific; the 1st examples to be identified were sex attractants in insects in which the response was upwind flight or locomotion (Karlson 1960; Karlson and Butenandt 1959; Karlson and Lüscher 1959; Whitten 1966; Wilson and Bossert 1963).”
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“A subset of detected chemosignals is thought to be specialized to signal social behavior between individuals (pheromones) 1334 Cell 161, 1334–1344, June 4, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. and warn of potential predators (kairomones) (Karlson and Luscher, 1959;Wyatt, 2010).”
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“It is derived from two Greek words, pherin (to transfer) and hormōn (to excite) [7].”
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“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript GPCRs in pheromone sensing Pheromones are defined as substances that mediate communication between individuals of the same species (Karlson & Luscher, 1959).”
BackgroundGenetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
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“However, Karlson and Luscher (1959) originally described a pheromone as a specifi c kind of cue, capable of eliciting stereotyped behaviors when present in minute quantities, which is similar to the ethological concept of a “sign” or “releasing” stimulus (Johnston 2000).”
ResultDunham, P. J. (1978) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1978.tb00864.x · Cited by 192
“. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. INTRODUCTION A pheromone is a substance released by an organism that influences the behaviour of other organisms of the same species (Karlson & Luscher, 1959).”
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“Pheromones were defined as “substances which are secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species, in which they release a specific reaction, for example, a definite behavior or a developmental process””
BackgroundDetection of female mating status using chemical signals and cues
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“Behavioral analysis of mice indicates that a subset of odor cues emitted and detected between members of the same species, termed pheromones, is specialized to generate social behavior (Karlson and Luscher, 1959; Wyatt, 2010).”
BackgroundChemical Communication in the Social Insects.
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Pyrones as bacterial signaling molecules.
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“Since the structural characterization of the first sex pheromone of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori in 1959 [3,4], more than 600 species [5] of lepidopteran pheromones have been identified.”
BackgroundMHC peptides and the sensory evaluation of genotype.
Boehm, T., & Zufall, F. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.11.006 · Cited by 175
“Pheromones, as classically defined [ 13 ], would not be affected by either mechanism because they function as structurally invariant signals among individuals of the same species; however, this definition is currently in flux and might need to be revised [14].”
BackgroundSorensen, P., & Stacey, N. (2004) · New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1080/00288330.2004.9517248 · Cited by 175
Wyatt, T. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.039 · Cited by 173
“Signature odours do not fit the original pheromone criterion of a defined chemical mixture eliciting particular behaviour or other response (Karlson and Luscher, 1959).”
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Pheromones and Animal Behavior: Chemical Signals And Signatures
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Ovarian steroid glucuronides function as sex pheromones for male zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio
van den Hurk, R., & Lambert, J. (1983) · doi:10.1139/z83-317 · Cited by 157
Psychological State and Mood Effects of Steroidal Chemosignals in Women and Men
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Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of androstadienone, a human pheromone
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From genes to social communication: molecular sensing by the vomeronasal organ
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Learned recognition of maternal signature odors mediates the first suckling episode in mice
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“We perform in utero alteration of native amniotic fluid and find that the bioactivity is inconsistent with that expected of a classic pheromone [41].”
Olfactory systems and neural circuits that modulate predator odor fear
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“In contrast, the AOS mediates innate responses to non-volatile, fluid-phase chemical cues or pheromones (Meredith, 1991; Breer et al., 2006), which are chemicals released from one organism that influence the behavior or physiology of another organism of the same species (Karlson and Luscher, 1959).”
BackgroundChemosignals, hormones and mammalian reproduction
Petrulis, A. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.03.011 · Cited by 142
“…of insects and was defined as “substances which are secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species, in which they release a specific reaction, for example, a definite behavior or a developmental process” (Karlson and Luscher, 1959; Wyatt, 2009).”
The ‘ram effect’ as a way of modifying the reproductive activity in the ewe
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“…it has become quite clear that the stimuli involved in the ram effect originate primarily from pheromones (according to the definition of Karlson and Luscher, 1959) produced spontaneously by the rams (Signoret, 1991), in association with behavioural cues generated mainly during the…”
Drosophila sensory receptors—a set of molecular Swiss Army Knives
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Wang, Z., Sindreu, C. B., Li, V., Nudelman, A. S., Chan, G. C. ‐., & Storm, D. R. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1967-06.2006 · Cited by 138
Complementary Roles of the Main and Accessory Olfactory Systems in Mammalian Mate Recognition
Baum, M. J., & Kelliher, K. R. (2008) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163137 · Cited by 130
The sex pheromone system of Enterococcus faecalis
Wirth, R. (1994) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18862.x · Cited by 134
Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.10.001 · Cited by 153
“…chemical identification of the first pheromone “Bombykol” of the female silk moth bombyx mori (Butenandt et al., 1959), and the coining of the term “pheromone” by Karlson and Lüscher (1959), pheromonal communication has been linked to certain types of chemical communication between conspecifics.”
BackgroundResultAnthopleurine: a sea anemone alarm pheromone.
Howe, N. R., & Sheikh, Y. M. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.238286 · Cited by 135
Human pheromones and sexual attraction
Grammer, K., Fink, B., & Neave, N. (2004) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.08.010 · Cited by 150
MATING BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCHISTOSOMES IN THE MOUSE.
Armstrong, J. C. (1965) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3276242 · Cited by 134
Cooperation, Conflict, and the Evolution of Queen Pheromones
Kocher, S. D., & Grozinger, C. M. (2011) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10886-011-0036-z · Cited by 153
“Within a species, chemical signals that elicit behavioral or physiological responses in the receiver are known as pheromones (Karlson and Lüscher, 1959).”
BackgroundChemical communication in heliothine moths
Hansson, B. S., Almaas, T., & Anton, S. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00207183 · Cited by 129
“to show that each of the emitted compounds contributes to evoking a response in conspecifics (as per the definition of the word 'pheromone' beginning with Karlson and Liischer 1959 ) have included both wind tunnel and field trapping tests.”
BackgroundOlfactory-mediated parasite recognition and avoidance: linking genes to behavior.
Kavaliers, M., Choleris, E., Ågmo, A., & Pfaff, D. (2004) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.005 · Cited by 128
Scudder, G. G. E. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444308211.ch2 · Cited by 48
The perfume of reproduction in birds: Chemosignaling in avian social life
Caro, S. P., Balthazart, J., & Bonadonna, F. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.001 · Cited by 148
“Originally, pheromones were defined as “substances secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species in which they release a specific reaction, for instance a definite behaviour or developmental process” (Karlson and Lüscher, 1959).”
Huynh, T. N., Krigbaum, A. M., Hanna, J. J., & Conrad, C. D. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.038 · Cited by 133
The search for human pheromones: The lost decades and the necessity of returning to first principles
Wyatt, T. D. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2994 · Cited by 123
“A pheromone signal elicits a specific reaction such as a stereotyped behaviour (releaser effect) and/or a developmental process (primer effect) from a conspecific [5,6].”
BackgroundThe defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera
Nouvian, M., Reinhard, J., & Giurfa, M. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.143016 · Cited by 122
“Communication in a defensive context: alarm pheromones Pheromones are chemicals used for communication between individuals of the same species (Karlson and Luscher, 1959).”
BackgroundBrennan, P. (2001) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00000880 · Cited by 164
SOME BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF INSECT METAMORPHOSIS
Gilbert, L., & Schneiderman, H. (1961) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/1.1.11 · Cited by 118
“belongs to a special class of hormones, now called pheromones but formerly known as ectohormones or social hormones (Karlson and Luscher, 1959; Karlson and Butenandt, 1959).”
BackgroundSmith, R. J. (1984) · Zoophysiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82348-0 · Cited by 115
Refining the dual olfactory hypothesis: Pheromone reward and odour experience
Martínez‐Garciá, F., Martínez‐Ricós, J., Agustín‐Pavón, C., Hernández, J. M., Novejarque, A., & Lanuza, E. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.002 · Cited by 112
Lundström, J. N., & Olsson, M. J. (2005) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.008 · Cited by 117
“…ago by Karlson and Lüscher as ‘‘. . . substances which are secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species, in which they release a specific reaction, for example, a definite behaviour or a developmental process’’ (Karlson and Lüscher, 1959).”
BackgroundStabell, O., Ogbebo, F., & Primicerio, R. (2003) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/28.2.141 · Cited by 112
“In that case, they function as intraspecific alarm substances—i.e. ‘Schreckstoff ’ (Pfeiffer, 1963)—and should be classified as ‘pheromones’ (Karlson and Lüscher, 1959).”
BackgroundPreference for Human Body Odors Is Influenced by Gender and Sexual Orientation
Martins, Y., Preti, G., Crabtree, C. R., Runyan, T., Vainius, A. A., & Wysocki, C. J. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01598.x · Cited by 111
“Pheromones are chemical signals that influence the behavior or physiology of other organisms (Karlson & Luscher, 1959).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- KARLSON, P., & LÜSCHER, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1959-01
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 4653
- Pages
- 55-56
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2012771681
- Cited by
- 1,364
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 22.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- pheromones, chemical communication, insect glands, interspecies communication, mating behavior
- MeSH terms
- Hormones, Humans, Pheromones
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