Cited by 899Marine Plankton and BiogeochemistryClimate variability and modelsOceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

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Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming

Sarmiento, Jorge L., Hughes, Tertia M. C., Stouffer, Ronald J., Manabe, Syukuro·1998·Nature

DOI 10.1038/30455

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Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols
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Schimel, D. et al. in Climate Change 1995 (ed. Houghton, J. T.) 76–86 (Cambridge Univ. Press, (1996)).
Schimel, D. et al. in Climate Change 1994 (ed. Houghton, J. T.) 35–71 (Cambridge Univ. Press, (1995)).
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“Warmer ocean temperatures increase stratification of the surface mixed layer, which inhibits the entrainment of nutrients from lower depths to support ocean primary production (Sarmiento et al, 1998).”
Background
Post-eastern Mediterranean Transient Oxygen Decline in the Deep Waters of the Southeast Mediterranean Sea Supports Weakening of Ventilation Rates
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“Most of the uncertainties are related to the approach used to describe the biogeochemical processes (Sarmiento et al. 1998).”
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“At both stations, during the stratification period (summer and early autumn), a seasonal thermocline develops, MLD gets shallower, terrestrial inputs decline and nutrient transport to surface waters is restricted (Sarmiento et al., 1998), leading to lower [Chl].”
Background
Distinct differences in photoacclimation potential between prokaryotic and eukaryotic oceanic phytoplankton
Kulk, G., van de Poll, W. H., Visser, R. J. W., & Buma, A. G. J. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.011 · Cited by 40
“A better understanding of photoacclimation mechanisms in picophytoplankton and corresponding photosynthetic performance is essential, because it is expected that climate change mediates a rise in seawater temperature as well as changes in wind fields (Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
CCE II: Spatial and interannual variability in export efficiency and the biological pump in an eastern boundary current upwelling system with substantial lateral advection
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“, 2008), heterotrophic bacterial abundance (del Giorgio and Duarte, 2002), and water column stability (Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
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“…whereby any climate-related alterations to the oceanic anthropogenic CO2 sink have been small in comparison to the large emissions signal itself (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Matear and25 1Peta-gram =1015 g. BGD 9, 13161–13186, 2012 The non-steady-state oceanic CO2 signal B. I. McNeil and R. J.…”
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“…climate extremes, such as changes in the hydrological cycle, predicted as a result of global warming (Huntington, 2006), can induce strong interannual variability in carbon fixation of the GoM, resulting from changes in freshwater influx and ensuing density stratification (Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
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The oceanic response to carbon emissions over the next century: investigation using three ocean carbon cycle models
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“This ‘‘open-ocean composite’’ (M87) has since been used widely in particle export studies (e.g. Buesseler et al., 2000; Emerson et al., 1997; Fischer et al., 2000; Neuer et al., 2002a; Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
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Individual and interactive effects of warming and CO 2 on Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata and Phaeocystis antarctica , two dominant phytoplankton from the Ross Sea, Antarctica
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“The temperature of the Southern Ocean has 32 increased even faster than global average temperature (Gille, 2002), and predicted future climate 33 warming may profoundly change the ocean carbon cycle in this region (Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
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“of this reduction are increasing density stratification (Bopp et al., 2002; Sarmiento et al., 1998), caused by surface ocean warming, increased moisture fluxes, and mixed layer shoaling.”
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Pliocene decoupling of equatorial Pacific temperature and pH gradients
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“…include warming of the surface ocean, especially at the poles (IPCC 2007), increased wind stress (Young et al. 2011), more extensive low-oxygen zones (Diaz and Rosenberg 2008), increased surface stratification (Sarmiento et al. 1998) and changes in nutrient distributions (Deutsch et al. 2005).”
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“However, there is potential for significant changes to this export flux in the future as a result of warming-induced stratification [Sarmiento et al., 1998],”
Background
Contrasting correlation patterns between environmental factors and chlorophyll levels in the global ocean
Feng, J., Durant, J. M., Stige, L. C., Hessen, D. O., Hjermann, D. O., Zhu, L., Llope, M., & Stenseth, N. C. (2015) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2015gb005216 · Cited by 33
“Ocean chlorophyll and environmental factors all have strong seasonal variability [Behrenfeld et al., 2006; Sarmiento et al., 1998; Vantrepotte and Melin, 2009; Yoder and Kennelly, 2003], which may result in apparently strong relationships between them.”
Background
Withstanding multiple stressors: ephyrae of the moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita, Scyphozoa) in a high-temperature, high-CO2 and low-oxygen environment
Algueró‐Muñiz, M., Meunier, C. L., Holst, S., Álvarez‐Fernández, S., & Boersma, M. (2016) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-016-2958-z · Cited by 32
Small phytoplankton contribution to the total primary production in the highly productive Ulleung Basin in the East/Japan Sea
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Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps
Yamamoto, A., Abe‐Ouchi, A., & Yamanaka, Y. (2018) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018 · Cited by 39
“…studies: in abiotic experiments, the primary contributors are changes in the ocean circulation and reduced solubility due to sea surface warming (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Matsumoto et al., 2010), while in the CTL-base and GW-base experiments, the primary contributors are changes in the organic…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Stochastic Methods and Complexity Science in Climate Research and Modeling
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“[52] With an anticipated change of ocean stratification due to global warming and the intensification of the water cycle [Manabe et al., 1991; Sarmiento et al., 1998], export production likely will change due to reduced nutrient fluxes to the surface ocean and a perhaps prolonged growth season…”
Background
Seasonal dissolved inorganic carbon variations in the Greenland Sea and implications for atmospheric CO2 exchange
Miller, L. A., Chierici, M., Johannessen, T., Noji, T. T., Rey, F., & Skjelvan, I. (1999) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(99)00031-4 · Cited by 33
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“Global warming may enhance oceanic stratification and ultimately affect its vertical nutrient flux and other biogeochemical patterns (Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
Vertical structure, seasonal drawdown, and net community production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Long, M. C., Dunbar, R. B., Tortell, P. D., Smith, W. O. J., Mucciarone, D. A., & DiTullio, G. R. (2011) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2009jc005954 · Cited by 32
“[6] Given its central role in the global carbon cycle and its likely sensitivity to climate, regular and accurate measurement of NCP is important to understand global carbon cycling and diagnose potential climate‐carbon feedbacks [Sarmiento et al., 1998].”
Background
Geochemical characteristics and the organic matter enrichment of the Upper Ordovician Tanjianshan Group, Qaidam Basin, China
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“Correspondence to:C. D. Nevison (nevison@ucar.edu)”
Background
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Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. III. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
Lee, P., Rudisill, J., Neeley, A., Maucher, J., Hutchins, D. A., Feng, Y., Hare, C. E., Leblanc, K., Rose, J. M., Wilhelm, S. W., et al. (2009) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps08135 · Cited by 31
“These changes in atmospheric CO2 will also impact the world’s oceans with anticipated increases in SST of 1 to 4°C, decreases in ocean pH of 0.3 units, and major impacts on upper-ocean stratification (Sarmiento et al. 1998, Wolf-Gladrow et al. 1999, IPCC 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Carbon and nutrient cycling in the upper water column across the Polar Frontal Zone and Antarctic Circumpolar Current along 170°W
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“Cold dense waters originating in the Southern Ocean ventilate large portions of the interior of the global oceans via the global thermohaline circulation. Over the vast area of the Southern Ocean, heat and energy, as well as gases dissolved in seawater such as oxygen and CO2, are exchanged between the atmosphere and t…”
BackgroundMethod
Dinitrogen fixation in the Indian Ocean
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Vertical fluxes of nutrients and carbon through the halocline in the western subarctic Gyre calculated by mass balance
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“For instance, the projected intensifying of water-column stratification (Sarmiento et al. 1998) and progressing ocean acidification (Feely et al.”
Background
Characterizing post-industrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in an Earth system model
Matsumoto, K., Tokos, K., Chikamoto, M. O., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2010) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00461.x · Cited by 30
“This study builds on previous studies that have investigated carbon-climate feedbacks with climate models of various complexity (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Joos et al., 1999; Matear and Hirst, 1999; Bopp et al., 2001; Plattner et al., 2001; Bopp et al., 2005; Crueger et al., 2008; Zickfeld et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Surface water fCO2 algorithms for the high-latitude Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean
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“The response of the Southern Ocean to climate change such as global warming and increased wind induced upwelling of CO2-rich subsurface waters are predicted to have a large impact on the global oceanic CO2 uptake (Le Quéré et al., 2007; Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
Early- to late-Holocene contrast in productivity, OMZ intensity and calcite dissolution in the eastern Arabian Sea
Naik, S. S., Godad, S. P., Naidu, P. D., Tiwari, M., & Paropkari, A. L. (2014) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683614526936 · Cited by 29
“further expand due to ocean warming and climate change (Keeling et al., 2010; Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
Gases in Seawater
Nightingale, P. D., & Liss, P. S. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/06106-5 · Cited by 30
Decomposition of soil and plant carbon from pasture systems after 9 years of exposure to elevated CO2: impact on C cycling and modeling
de Graaff, M., Six, J., Harris, D. J., Blum, H., & van Kessel, C. (2004) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x · Cited by 30
Biological pump and vertical mixing in the southern ocean: Their impact on atmospheric CO2
Popova, E. E., Ryabchenko, V., & Fasham, M. J. R. (2000) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/1999gb900090 · Cited by 31
The Ross Sea Continental Shelf: Regional Biogeochemical Cycles, Trophic Interactions, and Potential Future Changes
Smith, W. O. J., Ainley, D. G., Cattaneo‐Vietti, R., & Hofmann, E. E. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781444347241.ch7 · Cited by 30
Comment on "The Ocean Sink for Anthropogenic CO 2 "
Keeling, R. F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109620 · Cited by 30
Settling fluxes of diatoms to the interior of the Antarctic circumpolar current along 170 °W
Grigorov, I., Rigual-Hernández, A. S., Honjo, S., Kemp, A. E. S., & Armand, L. (2014) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.008 · Cited by 29
Spatiotemporal reference evapotranspiration changes in humid and semi-arid regions of Iran: past trends and future projections
Nouri, M., Homaee, M., & Bannayan, M. (2017) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-017-2176-8 · Cited by 29
“Global climatic change impacts on atmospheric variables such as rainfall and temperature considerably affect the global mass and energy flux, e.g., the carbon cycle (Sarmiento et al. 1998) and the water cycle (Held and Soden 2006).”
Background
Krill body size drives particulate organic carbon export in West Antarctica
Trinh, R., Ducklow, H. W., Steinberg, D. K., & Fraser, W. R. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06041-4 · Cited by 29
The US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project – An introduction
Doney, S., Kleypas, J., Sarmiento, J., & Falkowski, P. (2001) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00092-3 · Cited by 29
“…to draw down significantly excess atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next several centuries (e.g., Sarmiento et al., 1995), but the magnitude is sensitive to the responses of ocean physics and biota to climate change (e.g., Sarmiento et al., 1998; Matear and Hirst, 1999; Bopp et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Planktonic carbon budget in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic
Emilio Marañón, C., Pérez, V. P., Fernández, E., Anadón, R., Bode, A., González, N., Huskin, I., Isla, A., Morán, X. A. G., Mouriño‐Carballido, B., et al. (2007) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame048261 · Cited by 29
“An increase in thermal stratification in the open ocean is predicted to occur as a result of sea surface warming (e.g. Sarmiento et al. 1998).”
Background
Upper Water Column Nitrous Oxide Distributions in the Northeast Subarctic Pacific Ocean
Grundle, D. S., Maranger, R. J., & Juniper, S. K. (2012) · ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · doi:10.1080/07055900.2012.727779 · Cited by 29
“Given the accumulating evidence of diminishing DO concentrations in the oceans that can be attributed to various climatic changes (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Plattner et al., 2001; Matear and Hirst, 2003; Whitney et al., 2007; Keeling et al., 2010) and the known climate warming role of N2O (de Bie et al.”
Background
Non-Redfield production and export of marine organic matter: A recurrent part of the annual cycle in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Dunbar, R. B., Arrigo, K. R., Lutz, M. J., DiTullio, G. R., Leventer, A. R., Lizotte, M. P., Woert, M. L. V., & Robinson, D. H. (2003) · Antarctic research series · doi:10.1029/078ars11 · Cited by 29
Long-term changes in the concentrations of nutrients in the marginal seas (Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and East/Japan Sea) neighboring the Korean Peninsula
Park, S., Kim, G., Kwon, H. K., & Han, I. (2023) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115012 · Cited by 28
Atmospheric deposition fluxes of 26 elements over the Southern Indian Ocean: Time series on Kerguelen and Crozet Islands
Heimburger, A. M. F., Losno, R., Triquet, S., & Nguyen, E. B. (2013) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/gbc.20043 · Cited by 32
“…input to surface waters could change marine biology and thus carbon sequestration, particularly for the Southern Ocean, which is considered to be the largest potential sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the global ocean [Sarmiento et al., 1998; Caldeira and Duffy, 2000; Schlitzer, 2000].”
Background
Ophiolite-Hosted Diamond: A New Window for Probing Carbon Cycling in the Deep Mantle
Lian, D., & Yang, J. (2019) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.006 · Cited by 28
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years
Wynn-Edwards, C. A., Shadwick, E. H., Davies, D. M., Bray, S. G., Jansen, P. W., Trinh, R., & Trull, T. W. (2020) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00329 · Cited by 29
“The biological pumps redistribute carbon and nutrients within the ocean and thereby play a significant role in controlling atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (e.g., Shaffer, 1993; Sarmiento and LeQuere, 1996; Lee et al., 1998; Sarmiento et al., 1998; Archer et al., 2000; Trull et al., 2001b; DeVries et al…”
Background
Enhanced Winter Carbon Export Observed by BGC‐Argo in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Xing, X., Wells, M. L., Chen, S., Lin, S. F., & Chai, F. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl089847 · Cited by 28
“The magnitude of carbon transport from surface waters into the deep ocean exerts a major control on global climate, amain pathway to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (Gruber et al., 2019; Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
Sensitivity of global ocean biogeochemical dynamics to ecosystem structure in a future climate
Manizza, M., Buitenhuis, E. T., & Quéré, C. L. (2010) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl043360 · Cited by 29
“…(see auxiliary material).1 These changes are also comparable to previous studies carried out with coupled climate models, though with some differences in spatial distribution and magnitude of the responses [Sarmiento et al., 1998; Friedlingstein et al., 2001; Flato, 2004; Steinacher et al., 2010].”
Result
Carbon Cycling in the Baltic Sea
Kuliński, K., & Pempkowiak, J. (2012) · GeoPlanet: earth and planetary sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19388-0 · Cited by 28
Climate and air quality
House, J. I., Brovkin, V. A., Betts, R., Costanza, R., Dias, M. A. S., Holland, E. A., Quéré, C. L., Sasaki, N., Riebesell, U., & Scholes, M. C. (2006) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 28
Episodes of intensified biological productivity in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean during the termination of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO)
Moebius, I., Friedrich, O., Edgar, K. M., & Sexton, P. F. (2015) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1002/2014pa002673 · Cited by 27
“…and numerical modeling predict that global ocean warming events will be accompanied by enhanced water column stratification, decreased oxygen saturation, and increases in surface water eutrophication in shelf and slope locations [Keeling et al., 2010; Plattner et al., 2001; Sarmiento et al., 1998].”
Comparative seasonal biogeography of mineralising nannoplankton in the Scotia Sea: Emiliania huxleyi, Fragilariopsis spp. and Tetraparma pelagica
Hinz, D. J., Poulton, A. J., Nielsdóttir, M. C., Steigenberger, S., Korb, R. E., Achterberg, E. P., & Bibby, T. S. (2011) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.09.002 · Cited by 30
Pacific Ocean observation programs: Gaps in ecological time series
Koslow, J. A., & Couture, J. (2014) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.003 · Cited by 26
“Declining oxygen is now reported over much of the global ocean [20] apparently a consequence of global climate change, and global climate models predict continued deoxygenation of the deep ocean as increased warming and stratification of the upper mixed layer leads to decreased ventilation of the deep ocean [39,40].”
Background
Impact of the 3 °C temperature rise on bacterial growth and carbon transfer towards higher trophic levels: Empirical models for the Adriatic Sea
Šolić, M., Krstulović, N., Šantić, D., Šestanović, S., Kušpilić, G., Bojanić, N., Ordulj, M., Jozić, S., & Vrdoljak, A. (2017) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.01.001 · Cited by 27
Model investigations of the North Atlantic spring bloom initiation
Kuhn, A. M., Fennel, K., & Mattern, J. P. (2015) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.07.004 · Cited by 27
“…in mid and high latitudes, referred to as the spring bloom, is recognized as key to better understand the uncertainties concerning the oceanic carbon cycle and its consequent climate feedbacks under global warming scenarios (Joos et al., 1999; Maier-Reimer et al., 1996; Sarmiento et al., 1998).”
Background
History and evolution of primary productivity studies of the Southern Ocean
El‐Sayed, S. Z. (2005) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-004-0685-2 · Cited by 27
“At present, global circulation models predict that climate change will have a marked effect on the Southern Ocean (Sarmiento et al. 1998; Bopp et al. 2001).”
Background
Antarctic circumpolar wave impact on marine biology: A natural laboratory for climate change study
Quéré, C. L., Bopp, L., & Tegen, I. (2002) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2001gl014585 · Cited by 27
“…suggests that the response of primary production to a generalized stratification of the Southern Ocean such as that predicted under global warming [Sarmiento et al., 1998; Bopp et al., 2001] would lead to large spatial redistribution with productive regions becoming more productive and poor…”
Background
Ocean carbon cycle feedbacks in CMIP6 models: contributions from different basins
Katavouta, A., & Williams, R. G. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-18-3189-2021 · Cited by 26
“This response is in accord with previous studies suggesting the effect of climate-driven changes in the circulation on the carbon storage is significant in the North Atlantic (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Winton et al., 2013; Bernardello et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResult
Millennial changes in North Atlantic oxygen concentrations
Hoogakker, B. A. A., Thornalley, D., & Barker, S. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-211-2016 · Cited by 27
“…increase upper ocean stratification, and it is thought that the result- ing decreased ventilation effect exceeds that associated with reduced oxygen utilization (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Matear et al., 2000; Plattner et al., 2001; Bopp et al., 2002; Keeling and Garcia, 2002; Keeling et al., 2010).”
Background
Importance of oceanic heat uptake in transient climate change
Stouffer, R. J., Russell, J. L., & Spelman, M. J. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl027242 · Cited by 26
“The biological responses to a warming climate are not well known or understood [Sarmiento et al., 1998; Friedlingstein et al., 2003] and are the subject of future investigations.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Contrasting effects of temperature and winter mixing on the seasonal and inter-annual variability of the carbonate system in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Dumousseaud, C., Achterberg, E. P., Tyrrell, T., Charalampopoulou, A., Schuster, U., Hartman, M. C., & Hydes, D. J. (2010) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-7-1481-2010 · Cited by 26
“…change is predicted to reduce the capacity of the oceans to absorb CO2 through a decrease in winter mixing and a consequent reduced nutrient supply to surface layers and lower primary production during the following spring bloom (Sarmiento et al., 1998; Bopp et al., 2001; Doney et al., 2009).”
Influential
Variability in primary productivity and bio-optical properties in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during an austral summer
Kerkar, A. U., Tripathy, S. C., Minu, P., Baranval, N. K., Sabu, P., Patra, S., Mishra, R. K., & Sarkar, A. (2020) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-020-02722-2 · Cited by 26
Impacts of iron control on phytoplankton production in the modern and glacial Southern Ocean
Fennel, K., Abbott, M. R., Spitz, Y. H., Richman, J. G., & Nelson, D. M. (2003) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(02)00596-9 · Cited by 26
“... and Orr, 1991; Martin, 1990; Knox and McElroy, 1984); changes in the ocean’s alkalinity (Archer and Maier-Reimer, 1994); or a reduction of carbon exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere due to increased stratification or extended ice cover in the Southern Ocean with only moderately increased or even reduced…”
Background
Effects of migrating mesopelagic fishes on the biological carbon pump
Aksnes, D. L., Løtvedt, A., Lindemann, C., Calleja, M. L., Morán, X., Kaarvedt, S., & Thingstad, T. F. (2023) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps14373 · Cited by 25
“This is central in models predicting decline in oceanic primary production and carbon export be - cause of global warming and associated increase in density stratification (Sarmiento et al. 1998, 2004, Bopp et al. 2001).”
Background

Authors: Sarmiento, J. L., Hughes, T. M. C., Stouffer, R. J., & Manabe, S.
Affiliations: Princeton University (US)
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Sarmiento, Jorge L.
ORCID: Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Stouffer, Ronald J.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1998-05
Volume: 393
Issue: 6682
Pages: 245-249
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/30455
OpenAlex: W1481779298
Cited by: 899
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 36.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Keywords: ocean carbon cycle, anthropogenic CO2 emissions, ocean carbon sink, Southern Ocean, ocean stratification, surface freshening, ocean circulation, coupled ocean-atmosphere model, climate change, biological carbon pump, carbon flux

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