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Feedback mechanisms and sensitivities of ocean carbon uptake under global warming

Plattner, G.-K., Joos, F., Stocker, T. F., Marchal, O.·2001·Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
DOI 10.3402/tellusb.v53i5.16637
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Fig. 1 Specific inventory of anthropogenic CO 2 in the Atlantic Ocean according to the data-based estimates of Gruber (1998) (solid) and the model estimates from the standard model simulation ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) (dot-dashed). North of the equator inventories are given for 1982; south of the equator they are given for 1989.
Fig. 1 Specific inventory of anthropogenic CO 2 in the Atlantic Ocean according to the data-based estimates of Gruber (1998) (solid) and the model estimates from the standard model simulation ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) (dot-dashed). North of the equator inventories are given for 1982; south of the equator they are given for 1989.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 3
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 4 Meridional overturning streamfunction (Sv) in the Southern Ocean and in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins at di V erent times. (a) Preindustrial steady state (year 1765), (b) year 2100 and (c) year 2500 for CO 2 stabilization profile WRE1000. Results in (b) and (c) are produced with the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C). Contour interval is 8 Sv in the Southern Ocean and 4 Sv in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins.
Fig. 4 Meridional overturning streamfunction (Sv) in the Southern Ocean and in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins at di V erent times. (a) Preindustrial steady state (year 1765), (b) year 2100 and (c) year 2500 for CO 2 stabilization profile WRE1000. Results in (b) and (c) are produced with the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C). Contour interval is 8 Sv in the Southern Ocean and 4 Sv in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 5 Latitude-depth distribution of changes in physical and biogeochemical properties in the three main oceanic basins at year 2100 relative to the preindustrial steaty state. (a) Ocean temperature (K), (b) ocean salinity (psu), (c) salinity-normalized PO 4 (sPO 4 in mmol m -3 ), (d) O 2 (mmol m -3 ) and (e) salinity-normalized ALK (sALK in meq m -3 ). Results are shown for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and CO 2 stabilization scenario WRE1000. Contour intervals in (d) and (e) are unequally spaced for clarity. Contour intervals and applied ranges are as follows: (a) 0.5 ° C from -1 to + 3.5, (b) 0.1 psu from -0.5 to + 0.8, (c) 0.1 mmol m -3 from -0.6 to + 0.7, (d) 20 mmol m -3 from -170 to -50 and 10 mmol m -3 from -50 to + 30, and (e) 5 meq m -3 from -30 to + 10 and 10 meq m -3 from + 10 to + 80.
Fig. 5 Latitude-depth distribution of changes in physical and biogeochemical properties in the three main oceanic basins at year 2100 relative to the preindustrial steaty state. (a) Ocean temperature (K), (b) ocean salinity (psu), (c) salinity-normalized PO 4 (sPO 4 in mmol m -3 ), (d) O 2 (mmol m -3 ) and (e) salinity-normalized ALK (sALK in meq m -3 ). Results are shown for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and CO 2 stabilization scenario WRE1000. Contour intervals in (d) and (e) are unequally spaced for clarity. Contour intervals and applied ranges are as follows: (a) 0.5 ° C from -1 to + 3.5, (b) 0.1 psu from -0.5 to + 0.8, (c) 0.1 mmol m -3 from -0.6 to + 0.7, (d) 20 mmol m -3 from -170 to -50 and 10 mmol m -3 from -50 to + 30, and (e) 5 meq m -3 from -30 to + 10 and 10 meq m -3 from + 10 to + 80.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 6 Latitudinal distribution of changes in (a) sea-surface temperatures, (b) salinity-normalized euphotic zone PO 4 , sPO 4 , (c) export production of organic matter (OM), (d) salinity-normalized euphotic zone ALK, sALK, (e) salinitynormalized euphotic zone ALK from changes in the CaCO 3 cycle, and (f ) CaCO 3 production in the three main oceanic basins until year 2100. Results are shown for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and stabilization scenario WRE1000. The di V erent curves classify the Atlantic (solid), Indian (dot-dashed) and Pacific (dashed) basins. In panels (c) and (d) the right axis indicates the range of related changes in salinity-normalized DIC due to the internal reorganization of the OM cycle, D sDIC OM , and due to the internal reorganization of the CaCO 3 cycle, D sDIC CaCO 3 .
Fig. 6 Latitudinal distribution of changes in (a) sea-surface temperatures, (b) salinity-normalized euphotic zone PO 4 , sPO 4 , (c) export production of organic matter (OM), (d) salinity-normalized euphotic zone ALK, sALK, (e) salinitynormalized euphotic zone ALK from changes in the CaCO 3 cycle, and (f ) CaCO 3 production in the three main oceanic basins until year 2100. Results are shown for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and stabilization scenario WRE1000. The di V erent curves classify the Atlantic (solid), Indian (dot-dashed) and Pacific (dashed) basins. In panels (c) and (d) the right axis indicates the range of related changes in salinity-normalized DIC due to the internal reorganization of the OM cycle, D sDIC OM , and due to the internal reorganization of the CaCO 3 cycle, D sDIC CaCO 3 .CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 7 Latitude-depth distribution of changes in salinity-normalized DIC (sDIC) in the three main oceanic basins until year 2100. (a) Total change in sDIC ( D sDIC tot in mmol m -3 ) from the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C), ( b) excess sDIC due to gas exchange only ( D sDIC gas,baseline in mmol m -3 ) from the constant-climate baseline simulation ( D T 2x = 0 ° C) compared to the preindustrial steady state, (c) D sDIC due to the changes in air-sea gas exchange ( D sDIC gas,feedback in mmol m -3 ), (d) D sDIC due to the internal reorganisation of the OM cycle ( D sDIC OM in mmol m -3 ), and (e) D sDIC due to the internal reorganisation of the CaCO 3 cycle ( D sDIC CaCO 3 in mmol m -3 ) at year 2100 from the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) compared to the constant-climate baseline simulation ( D T 2x = 0 ° C). All the results given are for the CO 2 stabilization profile WRE1000. sDIC inventory changes (GtC) are indicated to the right of the panels. Contour intervals in (c), (d) and (e) are unequally spaced for clarity. Contour intervals and applied ranges are as follows: (a) and (b) 30 mmol m -3 from 0 to + 190, (c) 10 mmol m -3 from -100 to -10, 5 mmol m -3 from -10 to + 10 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 10 to + 80, (d) 10 mmol m -3 from -90 to -20, 5 mmol m -3 from -20 to + 20 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 20 to + 90, and (e) 2.5 mmol m -3 from -20 to + 10 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 10 to + 50.
Fig. 7 Latitude-depth distribution of changes in salinity-normalized DIC (sDIC) in the three main oceanic basins until year 2100. (a) Total change in sDIC ( D sDIC tot in mmol m -3 ) from the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C), ( b) excess sDIC due to gas exchange only ( D sDIC gas,baseline in mmol m -3 ) from the constant-climate baseline simulation ( D T 2x = 0 ° C) compared to the preindustrial steady state, (c) D sDIC due to the changes in air-sea gas exchange ( D sDIC gas,feedback in mmol m -3 ), (d) D sDIC due to the internal reorganisation of the OM cycle ( D sDIC OM in mmol m -3 ), and (e) D sDIC due to the internal reorganisation of the CaCO 3 cycle ( D sDIC CaCO 3 in mmol m -3 ) at year 2100 from the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) compared to the constant-climate baseline simulation ( D T 2x = 0 ° C). All the results given are for the CO 2 stabilization profile WRE1000. sDIC inventory changes (GtC) are indicated to the right of the panels. Contour intervals in (c), (d) and (e) are unequally spaced for clarity. Contour intervals and applied ranges are as follows: (a) and (b) 30 mmol m -3 from 0 to + 190, (c) 10 mmol m -3 from -100 to -10, 5 mmol m -3 from -10 to + 10 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 10 to + 80, (d) 10 mmol m -3 from -90 to -20, 5 mmol m -3 from -20 to + 20 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 20 to + 90, and (e) 2.5 mmol m -3 from -20 to + 10 and 10 mmol m -3 from + 10 to + 50.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 8
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 9
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 9 Reduction in oceanic carbon uptake due to specified global warming feedbacks until year 2500. The total reduction is given for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and stabilization profiles WRE550 (a) and WRE1000 ( b) compared to the constant-climate baseline ( D T 2x = 0 ° C). The contributions by di V erent feedbacks are determined as described in Table 2 and listed in Table 3 (simulations A to H). Results are shown for di V erent latitudinal regions (South: 70 ° S-32.5 ° S; Tropics: 32.5 ° S-32.5 ° N; North: 32.5 ° N-80 ° N). Positive values stand for a reduction and negative values for an increase in ocean CO 2 uptake.
Fig. 9 Reduction in oceanic carbon uptake due to specified global warming feedbacks until year 2500. The total reduction is given for the standard model setup ( D T 2x = 3.7 ° C) and stabilization profiles WRE550 (a) and WRE1000 ( b) compared to the constant-climate baseline ( D T 2x = 0 ° C). The contributions by di V erent feedbacks are determined as described in Table 2 and listed in Table 3 (simulations A to H). Results are shown for di V erent latitudinal regions (South: 70 ° S-32.5 ° S; Tropics: 32.5 ° S-32.5 ° N; North: 32.5 ° N-80 ° N). Positive values stand for a reduction and negative values for an increase in ocean CO 2 uptake.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 11
CC-BY · From the PDF

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Citations

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Plattner, G.-K., Joos, F., Stocker, T. F., & Marchal, O.
Venue
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Publisher
Stockholm University Press
Published
2001-01-01
Volume
53
Issue
5
Pages
564
ISSN
  • 1600-0889
  • 0280-6509
DOI
10.3402/tellusb.v53i5.16637
Cited by
9
References
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Plattner, G.-K., Joos, F., Stocker, T. F., & Marchal, O. (2001). Feedback mechanisms and sensitivities of ocean carbon uptake under global warming. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v53i5.16637