Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 574

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evidence for stabilizing selection in a eukaryotic enhancer element

Ludwig, Michael Z., Bergman, Casey, Patel, Nipam H., Kreitman, Martin·2000·Nature
DOI 10.1038/35000615
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/35000615

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. Arnone, M. I. & Davidson, E. H. The hardwiring of development: organization and function of genomic regulatory systems. Development 124, 1851–1864 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
  2. Frasch, M. & Levine, M. Complementary patterns of even-skipped and fushi tarazu expression involve their differential regulation by a common set of segmentation genes in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1, 981–995 (1987). · DOI · Paper page
  3. Harding, K., Hoey, T., Warrior, R. & Levine, M. Autoregulatory and gap response elements of the even-skipped promoter of Drosophila. EMBO J. 8, 1205–1212 (1989). · DOI · Paper page
  4. Stanojevic, D., Small, S. & Levine, M. Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in the Drosophila embryo. Science 254, 1385–1387 (1991). · DOI · Paper page
  5. Small, S., Blair, A. & Levine, M. Regulation of even-skipped stripe 2 in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 11, 4047–4057 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  6. Hewitt, G. F. et al. Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. Development 126, 1201–1210 (1999). · DOI
  7. Ludwig, M. Z., Patel, N. H. & Kreitman, M. Functional analysis of eve stripe 2 enhancer evolution in Drosophila: rules governing conservation and change. Development 125, 949–958 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Ludwig, M. Z. & Kreitman, M. Evolutionary dynamics of the enhancer region of even-skipped in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 1002–1011 (1995).
  9. Beverly, S. M. & Wilson, A. C. Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher Diptera II. A time scale for fly evolution. J. Mol. Evol. 21, 1–13 (1984). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Small, S., Arnosti, D. N. & Levine, M. Spacing ensures autonomous expression of different stripe enhancers in the even-skipped promoter. Development 119, 767–772 (1993). · DOI
  11. Kimura, M. Possibility of extensive neutral evolution under stabilizing selection with special reference to non-random usage of synonymous codons. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 78, 5773–5777 (1981). · DOI
  12. Kimura, M. The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1983). · DOI · Paper page
  13. Ohta, T. & Tachida, H. Theoretical study of near neutrality. I. Heterozygosity and rate of mutant substitution. Genetics 126, 219–229 (1990). · DOI
  14. Long, A. D., Lyman, R. F., Langley, C. H. & Mackay, T. F. Two sites in the Delta gene region contribute to naturally occurring variation in bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 149, 999–1017 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  15. Gibson, G. & Hogness, D. S. Effect of polymorphism in the Drosophila regulatory gene Ultrabithorax on homeotic stability. Science 271, 200–203 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
  16. Lawrence, C. E. et al. Detecting subtle sequence signals: a Gibbs sampling strategy for multiple alignment. Science 262, 208–214 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Berg, O. G. & von Hippel, P. H. Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins. Statistical–mechanical theory and application to operators and promoters. J. Mol. Biol. 193, 723–750 (1987). · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 574

Metadata

Authors
Ludwig, M. Z., Bergman, C., Patel, N. H., & Kreitman, M.
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000-02
Volume
403
Issue
6769
Pages
564-567
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/35000615
OpenAlex
W2140538490
Cited by
574
References
2
FWCI
10.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evidence for stabilizing selection in a eukaryotic enhancer element. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/35000615
The paper
Ludwig, M. Z., Bergman, C., Patel, N. H., & Kreitman, M. (2000). Evidence for stabilizing selection in a eukaryotic enhancer element. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/35000615

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.