Cited by 1,240Autophagy in Disease and TherapyUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysCellular transport and secretion

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Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems

Ohsumi, Yoshinori·2001·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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Abstract

Recent analyses of the genes required for autophagy--intracellular bulk protein degradation--in yeast have revealed two ubiquitin-like systems, both of which are involved in the membrane dynamics of the process. Molecular dissection of these systems is now revealing some surprises.

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THE UBIQUITIN SYSTEM
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A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy
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Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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The Reversible Modification Regulates the Membrane-Binding State of Apg8/Aut7 Essential for Autophagy and the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway
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“The phagophore is produced by polymerization of Atg8 (LC3) and Atg12-Atg5 UBL conjugation systems (Kihara et al., 2001; Ohsumi, 2001).”
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Functions of autophagy in chloroplast protein degradation and homeostasis
Chen, W., & Ling, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.993215 · Cited by 18
“ATG8–PE modified autophagosomes ultimately become mature and form closed double-membrane structures, with the help of tubulins and other proteins, then fused into the vacuoles or lysosomes, and eventually degraded (Ohsumi, 2001a; Li & Vierstra, 2012; Lv et al., 2014).”
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Apoptosis and Cell Death
Saikumar, P., & Venkatachalam, M. A. (2009) · Molecular pathology library · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89626-7_4 · Cited by 17
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of Autophagic Pathways in Plants
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Infiltration of inflammatory cells expressing mitochondrial proteins around bile ducts and in biliary epithelial layer may be involved in the pathogenesis in primary biliary cirrhosis
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Rescue of CFTR NBD2 mutants N1303K and S1235R is influenced by the functioning of the autophagosome
Liu, Q., Sabirzhanova, I. B., Yanda, M. K., Bergbower, E. A. S., Boinot, C., Guggino, W. B., & Cebotaru, L. (2018) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2018.05.016 · Cited by 16
“These are processed by the phagophor to from autophagosomes, double-membrane structures that ultimately latter fuse with lysosomes to degrade the misfolded proteins [23].”
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Autophagy facilitates cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression
Wang, C., Chiang, T.-H., Chen, C., Tseng, P., Chien, S.-Y., Chuang, Y.-J., Yang, T.-T., Hsieh, C.-Y., Choi, P.-C., & Lin, C. (2013) · Innate Immunity · doi:10.1177/1753425913488227 · Cited by 15
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Fluoride-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Approaches for Its Intervention
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Fundamental mechanisms of cell death for polycystic ovary syndrome
Li, Y., Peng, Y., Yang, Y., Xu, N., Shi, T., Liu, R., Luan, Y., & Yin, C.-H. (2025) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102043 · Cited by 14
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Background

Authors: Ohsumi, Y.
Affiliations: National Institute for Basic Biology (JP)
Corresponding author: Ohsumi, Yoshinori
ORCID: Ohsumi, Yoshinori
Venue: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-03
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 211-216
ISSN: 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
1471-0080
DOI: 10.1038/35056522
OpenAlex: W2792139654
Cited by: 1,240
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 7.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Keywords: autophagy, ubiquitin-like proteins, membrane dynamics, yeast, autophagy-related genes
MeSH terms: Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family, Autophagy-Related Protein 7, Autophagy, Lysosomes, Microscopy, Electron, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Models, Biological, Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ubiquitins, Vacuoles, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

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Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems

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