The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genetic evidence for Near-Eastern origins of European cattle
Abstract
The limited ranges of the wild progenitors of many of the primary European domestic species point to their origins further east in Anatolia or the fertile crescent. The wild ox (Bos primigenius), however, ranged widely and it is unknown whether it was domesticated within Europe as one feature of a local contribution to the farming economy. Here we examine mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence variation from 392 extant animals sampled from Europe, Africa and the Near East, and compare this with data from four extinct British wild oxen. The ancient sequences cluster tightly in a phylogenetic analysis and are clearly distinct from modern cattle. Network analysis of modern Bos taurus identifies four star-like clusters of haplotypes, with intra-cluster diversities that approximate to that expected from the time depth of domestic history. Notably, one of these clusters predominates in Europe and is one of three encountered at substantial frequency in the Near East. In contrast, African diversity is almost exclusively composed of a separate haplogroup, which is encountered only rarely elsewhere. These data provide strong support for a derived Near-Eastern origin for European cattle.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provides the most robust evidence supporting the Near Eastern origin. The Near East encompasses mtDNA taurine lineages (T, T1, T2, T3, T5), exhibiting high genetic diversity [26,27].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Despite this coexistence, the maternal lineages of European cattle remained overwhelmingly Near Eastern (T3), whereas male-mediated gene flow from local aurochs occurred [27,34].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The T3 haplogroup is mainly distributed in Eurasia; the T2 haplogroup is found in Anatolia and the Middle East; the T1 haplogroup is mainly distributed in Africa; and T4 haplogroup is mainly distributed in East Asia [14,26,27,33].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Moving toward peripheral regions such as Europe and Africa, this genetic diversity gradually decreases: modern European cattle primarily carry the taurine T3 lineage, while the T1 lineage is predominantly distributed in Africa [26,27].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
Fu, Y. (1997) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/147.2.915 · Cited by 7,195
Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences.
Rogers, A. R., & Harpending, H. C. (1992) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040727 · Cited by 4,574
Anderson, S., de Bruijn, M. H. L., Coulson, A. R., Eperon, I. C., Sanger, F., & Young, I. G. (1982) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(82)90137-1 · Cited by 1,472
Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks.
Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., Sykes, B. C., & Richards, M. B. (1995) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/141.2.743 · Cited by 1,071
Self-citationThe Origins And Spread Of Agriculture And Pastoralism In Eurasia
Harris, D. R. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003579861 · Cited by 1,010
Evidence for Two Independent Domestications of Cattle
Loftus, R. T., MacHugh, D. E., Bradley, D. G., Sharp, P. M., & Cunningham, P. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2757 · Cited by 812
Self-citationThe emerging tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: a synthesis of control-region sequences and RFLPs
Macaulay, V., Richards, M., Hickey, E., Vega, E., Cruciani, F., Guida, V., Scozzari, R., Bonné-Tamir, B., Sykes, B., & Torroni, A. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302204 · Cited by 602
Self-citationMitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle
Bradley, D. G., MacHugh, D. E., Cunningham, P., & Loftus, R. T. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.5131 · Cited by 584
Self-citationSmith, B. D. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 552
(1971) · CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) · Cited by 426
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bökönyi, S. The History of Domestic Animals in Central and Eastern Europe (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1974).
- Troy, C. S. Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny and Biogeography of Domestic Cattle. Ph.D Thesis, Univ.-Dublin (1998).
- Schneider, S., Roessli, D. & Excoffier, L. ARLEQUIN Ver. 2.0: a Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis (Department of Anthropology, University of Geneva, Switzerland, 1999).
- Macaulay, V. A. CRED: Credible Regions for Coalescence Times. (Univ. Oxford, 1998).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 626
Man is made of mud "Soil", bio-logical facts and fiction, and environmental history
Herrmann, B. (2006) · Cited by 1
Gene-based Technologies for Livestock Industries in the 3rd Millennium
Cunningham, E. P. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-3312-5_5 · Cited by 1
Bea, M. M. (2013) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
Genetic Characterization of Colombian Brahman Cattle Using Microsatellites Markers
Gómez, Y., Fernandez, M., Rivera, D., Gómez, G., & Bernal, J. E. (2013) · Генетика · doi:10.7868/s0016675813070047 · Cited by 1
The Probable Pagan Origin of an Ancient Jewish Custom: Purification with Red Heifer’s Ashes
Lev, E., & Lev‐Yadun, S. (2016) · Advances in Anthropology · doi:10.4236/aa.2016.64011 · Cited by 1
Mueller‐Bieniek, A., Hoyo, M. M., & Kapcia, M. (2019) · Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne · doi:10.33547/oda-sah.08.lud.10 · Cited by 1
Kiraz, S., Ekinci, M. S., & Koncagül, S. (2021) · Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.30910/turkjans.798488 · Cited by 1
Sütteki A1-A2 β-Kazeinin Özellikleri Ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri
Yaman, S., & KILIÇ, H. N. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.24925/turjaf.v9i11.1973-1979.4869 · Cited by 1
Pala, M., Soares, P. A., Chaubey, G., & Richards, M. B. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511978807.003 · Cited by 1
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.007 · Cited by 1
Atkulwar, A., Deshpande-Mukherjee, A., & Baig, M. (2024) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104383 · Cited by 1
Paleogenetic analysis in archeological studies
Сергеевич, П. А., & Молодин, В. И. (2011) · Russian Journal of Genetics Applied Research · doi:10.1134/s2079059711010047 · Cited by 1
UNSUPERVISED CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF POPULATION AND SUBPOPULATION STRUCTURE USING DENSE SNP MARKERS
Rahmaninia, J., Reza, M. A. S., & Hossein, M. S. (2015) · Cited by 1
Podoba, Y. V., Pinchuk, V., & Бородай, В. П. (2017) · Animal Breeding and Genetics · doi:10.31073/abg.53.33 · Cited by 1
Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequence Analysis of Busha Cattle
Margeta, P., & Margeta, V. (2019) · Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis · doi:10.11118/actaun201967051159 · Cited by 1
Osypińska, M., & Abłamowicz, R. (2019) · Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne · doi:10.33547/oda-sah.08.lud.07.1 · Cited by 1
Kambal, S., Abdelrahim, A. E., Hanotte, O., Nakao, R., Alkhaibari, A. M., & Salim, B. (2021) · Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics · doi:10.1111/jbg.12648 · Cited by 1
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.001 · Cited by 1
STUDY OF ANIMAL DOMESTICATION PROCESSES USING MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME POLYMORPHISM (review)
Федорович, П. К. (2021) · Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest · doi:10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-07 · Cited by 1
Tamroosi, A., Dashab, G. R., Banabazi, M. H., & Maghsoudi, A. (2021) · Research on Animal Production · doi:10.52547/rap.12.34.172 · Cited by 1
Genetic Analyses of Bovid Remains and the Origin of Early European Cattle
Anderung, C. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
de León, F. A. P., & Liu, W. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118301739.ch7 · Cited by 1
Gautier, M., Laloë, D., & Moazami‐Goudarzi, K. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/84c8c4fa-031d-4a7a-8c09-2619627fc387 · Cited by 2
La raza bovina autóctona española Pajuna: Situación actual y programa de recuperación
Luque, A., Valera, M., Azor, P. J., Goyache, F., Rodero, E., & Molina, A. (2006) · Animal Genetic Resources Information · doi:10.1017/s1014233900002091 · Cited by 1
The Limits of Historiographic Knowledge
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.008 · Cited by 1
Agriculture in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age of Asia Minor
Fairbairn, A. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118970959.ch11 · Cited by 1
Nasika, S., & Runthala, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.21.427545 · Cited by 1
MacNeil, M. D., Reecy, J. M., & Garrick, D. J. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73835-0_1 · Cited by 1
Ward, J. A., McHugo, G. P., Dover, M. J., Hall, T. J., Ng'ang'a, S. I., Sonstegard, T. S., Bradley, D. G., Frantz, L., Salter‐Townshend, M., & MacHugh, D. E. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4055643 · Cited by 1
Self-citationA specific marker gene analysis for expression of black-dotted nose in Hanwoo.
Kim, S., & JongTaek, Y. (2014) · Research opinions in animal & veterinary sciences
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.006
BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR, GENÉTICA DE POBLACIONES Y DIVERSIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA
Benítez‐Burraco, A. (2002) · Revista Electrónica de Lingüística Aplicada
Communod, R., Colombani, C., Munari, E., & Vigo, D. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53155
Animal Bones and Plant Remains
Rowley-Conwy, P. A. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470998618.ch16
Sharma, A., Lee, S., Lee, J., Dang, C., Kim, H. C., Yeon, S., Kang, H.-S., Kanwar, S. S., & Vijh, R. K. (2014) · Korean Journal of Agricultural Science · doi:10.7744/cnujas.2014.41.4.405
Tracing ancient human migration
Rickards, O. (2010) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014461003706626
Whitfield, J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/news010510-4
Near-Eastern origins of European cattle
Jobling, M. A. (2001) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(01)02387-3
DNA footprints of livestock domestication and evolutionary history
Ajmone‐Marsan, P. (2010) · Advances in Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1017/s204047001000542x
Batubara, A., Noor, R., Farajallah, A., Tiesnamurti, B., Ilmu, D., Penelitian, L., Potong, K., Putih, S., & Biologi, D. (2013)
El origen de las sociedades agrícolas en el País Vasco litoral: datos arqueológicos
Peña, L. Z. (2002) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
ORIGEM E EVOLUÇÃO DOS BOVINOS DOMÉSTICOS
Ajmone‐Marsan, P., Garcia, J. F., & Pestana, R. C. (2008)
La boisson invisible. Le lait sur les images rupestres du
Jean-Loïc, L. Q. (2012)
A Kárpát-medence avar és honfoglalás kori lóállományának archaeogenetikai elemzése
Tudományegyetem, S. (2010)
Population Structure Analysis of Globally Diverse Bull GenomesPreprint
Chung, N. C., Szyda, J., Fra̧szczak, M., & the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/059139
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.010
The History of Knowledge of History
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.004
Introduction: The Philosophy of Historiography
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.002
Wiechmann, I. (2012) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110266306.41
Apport de l’approche paléogénétique à l’étude de la domestification des bovins
Pruvost, M., & Geigl, E.-M. (2006) · doi:10.4000/books.artehis.13737
Conclusion: Historiography and History
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.009
The Theory of Scientific Historiography
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.005
von Hessberg, C. M. H., Vélez, M., & Grajales-Quintero, A. (2015) · Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural · doi:10.17151/bccm.2015.19.1.6
Application and viability of full-thickness coronary band grafting in equids
Smyth, T. T., Roquet, I., Plante, Y., Hind, P., Goslin, T., & Carmalt, J. L. (2015) · Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine · doi:10.21836/pem20150202
DAS, M. K., Singh, A., Dixit, S. P., JAYAKUMAR, S., & Upadhyay, A. (2015) · The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences · doi:10.56093/ijans.v85i4.47822
Mitochondrial d-loop sequence variations in Indian cattle
Kumari, V. (2011)
Alvarez, L. A., Vera, V. J., Cárdena, H., Barreto, G., Flórez, J. E. M., & Eng, A. (2012)
MitochondrialD-loopsequence of domesticated waterfowl in Central Java: goose and muscovy duck
Susanti, R., & Iswari, R. S. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012182
Goshu, H. A., Yun, W. X., Chu, M., Pengjia, B., & Yan, P. (2018) · Cogent Biology · doi:10.1080/23312025.2018.1471779
Genomic variation across European cattle: contribution of gene flow
Upadhyay, M. R. (2019) · doi:10.18174/469250 · Cited by 1
Wytwórczość krzemienna społeczności neolitycznych / Lithic production of Neolithic communities
Kabaciński, J., & Winiarska-Kabacińska, M. (2019) · Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne · doi:10.33547/oda-sah.08.lud.05
Dąbrowski, P., Iwanek, B., & Kadłucka, I. (2019) · Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne · doi:10.33547/oda-sah.08.lud.08
Assessment of genetic drift and migration in six cattle breeds
Lehocká, K. (2020) · Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica/Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica · doi:10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.46-51
MacKinnon, M. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781118970959.ch6
Assessment of genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA variation in Gir cattle of India
Nayak, V. K., Pathak, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i05.019
Incorporating New Methods IV: Phytoliths and Starch Grains in the Tropics and Beyond
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.006
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.002
Integrated Case Study I: Early Farming in Central Europe
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.007
Incorporating New Methods II: Residue Chemistry
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.004
Incorporating New Methods I: The Stable Isotope Revolution
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.003
Genetic Diversity of Nepalese Indigenous Cattle Breeds Based on D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA
Gorkhali, N. A., Sherpa, C., Dhakal, A., Dhungana, S., Sapkota, S., Koirala, P., Pokhrel, B. R., Kolachhapati, M. R., & Bhattarai, N. (2021) · Nepal Journal of Science and Technology · doi:10.3126/njst.v20i1.39440
SOYSAL, M. İ. (2012) · Wageningen Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-726-4_6
Strategies for characterizing and protecting animal resources for future generations
Sodhi, M., & Mukesh, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90583-1.00019-2
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.001
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.011
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.009
Smil, V. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118278710.refs
Hofreiter, M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-37654-5_20 · Cited by 1
Integrated Case Study II: Horse Domestication and the Origins of Pastoralism in Central Asia
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.008
Incorporating New Methods III: Answering Palaeoeconomic Questions with Molecular Genetics
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.005
Geigl, E.-M. (2013) · La Découverte eBooks · doi:10.3917/dec.thieb.2013.01.0061
Inferencia del origen del bovino criollo cubano a través del análisis de patri- y matrilinajes
Lirón, J. P., Acosta, A., Rogberg‐Muñoz, A., Uffo, O., Posik, D. M., García, J., García, P. P., & Giovambattista, G. (2010) · Archivos de Zootecnia · doi:10.21071/az.v60i232.4001
Tucker, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511498381.011
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177.010
(2004) · Encyclopedic Dictionary of Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1002/0471684228.egp01825
Goodwin, W. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420029086.ch9
Wright, E. (2018) · The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences · doi:10.1002/9781119188230.saseas0073
Lin, M. (2022) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15535-2_1
De, A. K., Sawhney, S., Muthiyan, R., Bhattacharya, D., Ponraj, P., Malakar, D., Sunder, J., Sujatha, T., Kumar, A., Mondal, S., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278681
Metadata
- Authors
- Troy, C. S., MacHugh, D. E., Bailey, J. F., Magee, D. A., Loftus, R. T., Cunningham, P., Chamberlain, A. T., Sykes, B. C., & Bradley, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bradley, Daniel G.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 410
- Issue
- 6832
- Pages
- 1088-1091
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1886027281
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 12.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- cattle domestication, cattle, Bos primigenius, European cattle, mitochondrial DNA control region, haplogroups, phylogenetic analysis, network analysis, African cattle, Anatolia, Fertile Crescent
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Animals, Animals, Wild, Cattle, DNA, Mitochondrial, Europe, Haplotypes, Middle East, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Ruminants, Genetic Variation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
