Cited by 560Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueImpact of Light on Environment and Health

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Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light

Boivin, Diane B., Duffy, Jeanne F., Kronauer, Richard E., Czeisler, Charles A.·1996·Nature

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Abstract

Since the first report in unicells, studies across diverse species have demonstrated that light is a powerful synchronizer which resets, in an intensity-dependent manner, endogenous circadian pacemakers. Although it is recognized that bright light (approximately 7,000 to 13,000 lux) is an effective circadian synchronizer in humans, it is widely believed that the human circadian pacemaker is insensitive to ordinary indoor illumination (approximately 50-300 lux). It has been proposed that the relationship between the resetting effect of light and its intensity follows a compressive nonlinear function, such that exposure to lower illuminances still exerts a robust effect. We therefore undertook a series of experiments which support this hypothesis and report here that light of even relatively low intensity (approximately 180 lux) significantly phase-shifts the human circadian pacemaker. Our results clearly demonstrate that humans are much more sensitive to light than initially suspected and support the conclusion that they are not qualitatively different from other mammals in their mechanism of circadian entrainment.

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Authors: Boivin, D. B., Duffy, J. F., Kronauer, R. E., & Czeisler, C. A.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Boivin, Diane B.
Duffy, Jeanne F.
Czeisler, Charles A.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1996-02
Volume: 379
Issue: 6565
Pages: 540-542
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/379540a0
OpenAlex: W2072214097
Cited by: 559
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 7.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Keywords: circadian clock, light exposure, phase shift, circadian entrainment, light intensity, dose-response relationship, indoor lighting, photosensitivity
MeSH terms: Adult, Body Temperature, Circadian Rhythm, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Humans, Light, Male

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Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light

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