The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobes of the brain, is widely believed to be involved in the regulation of attention. Beyond this, however, its specific contribution to cognition remains uncertain. One influential theory has interpreted activation within the ACC as reflecting 'selection-for-action', a set of processes that guide the selection of environmental objects as triggers of or targets for action. We have proposed an alternative hypothesis, in which the ACC serves not to exert top-down attentional control but instead to detect and signal the occurrence of conflicts in information processing. Here, to test this theory against the selection-for-action theory, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activation during performance of a task where, for a particular subset of trials, the strength of selection-for-action is inversely related to the degree of response conflict. Activity within the ACC was greater during trials featuring high levels of conflict (and weak selection-for-action) than during trials with low levels of conflict (and strong selection-for-action), providing evidence in favour of the conflict-monitoring account of ACC function.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The dlPFC and parietal cortex have reciprocal projections with the dACC”
From When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts (2016) · cites this paper as Botvinick, Nystrom, Fissell, Carter, & Cohen, 1999
In the citing paper
“For the ACC in particular, this possibility draws support from neuroimaging investigations that have provided evidence for a role of ACC in metacognitive functions such as performance monitoring and conflict detection (Carter et al., 1998; Botvinick et al., 1999).”
From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Botvinick et al., 1999
Citations
Cites
Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task
Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203267 · Cited by 7,230
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance
Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Botvinick, M. M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.747 · Cited by 3,273
Self-citationForman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W. F., Mintun, M. A., & Noll, D. C. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330508 · Cited by 3,202
Self-citationCohen, J., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03204507 · Cited by 2,802
Self-citationRapid Automated Algorithm for Aligning and Reslicing PET Images
Woods, R. P., Cherry, S. R., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1992) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199207000-00024 · Cited by 1,901
Optimizing the use of information: Strategic control of activation of responses.
Gratton, G., COLES, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.121.4.480 · Cited by 1,866
The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory
D’Esposito, M., Detre, J. A., Alsop, D. C., Shin, R. K., Atlas, S. W., & Grossman, M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378279a0 · Cited by 1,520
Localization of Cognitive Operations in the Human Brain
Posner, M. I., Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3289116 · Cited by 1,436
Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Processing of Singe Words
Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Mintun, M. A., & Raichle, M. E. (1989) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 · Cited by 1,298
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 19 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Carter,C. S. et al. Strategic vs. evaluative contributions of the anterior cingulate cortex to executive processes of cognition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA (submitted).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,011 of 1,011
Dissociating early and late error signals in perceptual recognition
Wheeler, M. E., Petersen, S. E., Nelson, S. M., Ploran, E. J., & Velanova, K. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20155 · Cited by 30
Ebdlahad, S., Nofzinger, E. A., James, J. A., Buysse, D. J., Price, J. C., & Germain, A. (2013) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.09.007 · Cited by 30
Cardiac concomitants of performance monitoring: Context dependence and individual differences
Crone, E. A., Bunge, S. A., de Klerk, P., & van der Molen, M. W. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.009 · Cited by 30
Medial Frontal Cortex Activity Predicts Information Sampling in Economic Choice
Kaanders, P., Nili, H., O'Reilly, J. X., & Hunt, L. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0392-21.2021 · Cited by 27
Sakai, H., Uchiyama, Y., Shin, D., Hayashi, M. J., & Sadato, N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067391 · Cited by 20
Keskin-Ergen, Y., Tükel, R., Aslantaş-Ertekin, B., Ertekin, E., Oflaz, S., & Devrim-Üçok, M. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22212 · Cited by 18
A. T. Evers, E., M. van der Veen, F., Jolles, J., E. P. Deutz, N., & A. J. Schmitt, J. (2009) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.09.006 · Cited by 12
Zhang, X., Wang, X., Dong, D., Sun, X., Zhong, X., Xiong, G., Cheng, C., Lei, H., Chai, Y., Yu, M., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.003 · Cited by 11
Interactive effects of OXTR and GAD1 on envy-associated behaviors and neural responses
Tanaka, T., Nishimura, F., Kakiuchi, C., Kasai, K., Kimura, M., & Haruno, M. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210493 · Cited by 9
Okazaki, K., Yamamuro, K., Iida, J., Ota, T., Nakanishi, Y., Matsuura, H., Uratani, M., Sawada, S., Azechi, T., Kishimoto, N., et al. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.024 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L. E., Fissell, K., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Botvinick, Matthew
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 402
- Issue
- 6758
- Pages
- 179-181
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1659864209
- Cited by
- 2,044
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fetzer Institute
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, conflict monitoring, response conflict, top-down attentional control, cognitive control, action selection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Motor Activity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
