Comparing neural correlates of REM sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: A neuroimaging study
Open accessAbstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances predict poor clinical outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). In MDD, REM sleep is characterized by activation of limbic and paralimbic brain regions compared to wakefulness. The neural correlates of PTSD during REM sleep remain scarcely explored, and comparisons of PTSD and MDD have not been conducted. The present study sought to compare brain activity patterns during wakefulness and REM sleep in 13 adults with PTSD and 12 adults with MDD using [¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET). PTSD was associated with greater increase in relative regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in limbic and paralimbic structures in REM sleep compared to wakefulness. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that MDD was associated with greater limbic and paralimbic rCMRglc during wakefulness but not REM sleep compared to PTSD. Our findings suggest that PTSD is associated with increased REM sleep limbic and paralimbic metabolism, whereas MDD is associated with wake and REM hypermetabolism in these areas. These observations suggest that PTSD and MDD disrupt REM sleep through different neurobiological processes. Optimal sleep treatments between the two disorders may differ: REM-specific therapy may be more effective in PTSD.
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These sleep abnormalities are consistent with an underlying hyperarousal in PTSD that lightens sleep, prevents deeper, more restorative sleep stages, and alters the distinct physiology of REM sleep.
“These abnormalities are consistent with an underlying hyperarousal in PTSD that lightens sleep, prevents deeper, more restorative sleep stages, and alters the distinct physiology of REM sleep [20, 29, 36, 134, 143].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [143]
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Sleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: where are we now?
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Self-citationSleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory
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“These abnormalities are consistent with an underlying hyperarousal in PTSD that lightens sleep, prevents deeper, more restorative sleep stages, and alters the distinct physiology of REM sleep [20, 29, 36, 134, 143].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Ebdlahad, S., Nofzinger, E. A., James, J. A., Buysse, D. J., Price, J. C., & Germain, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Germain, Anne
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 422-428
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3869237
- OpenAlex
- W2033161305
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL082610, T32HL082610)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH061566, K24MH066227, MH083035, MH6622, R21MH083035, R01MH061566)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024153)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- REM sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, limbic system, paralimbic regions, regional cerebral glucose metabolism, sleep disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, REM, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wakefulness, Positron-Emission Tomography, Young Adult, Neuroimaging
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