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Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex

Botvinick, Matthew, Nystrom, Leigh E., Fissell, Kate, Carter, Cameron S., Cohen, Jonathan D.·1999·Nature

DOI 10.1038/46035

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Abstract

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobes of the brain, is widely believed to be involved in the regulation of attention. Beyond this, however, its specific contribution to cognition remains uncertain. One influential theory has interpreted activation within the ACC as reflecting 'selection-for-action', a set of processes that guide the selection of environmental objects as triggers of or targets for action. We have proposed an alternative hypothesis, in which the ACC serves not to exert top-down attentional control but instead to detect and signal the occurrence of conflicts in information processing. Here, to test this theory against the selection-for-action theory, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activation during performance of a task where, for a particular subset of trials, the strength of selection-for-action is inversely related to the degree of response conflict. Activity within the ACC was greater during trials featuring high levels of conflict (and weak selection-for-action) than during trials with low levels of conflict (and strong selection-for-action), providing evidence in favour of the conflict-monitoring account of ACC function.

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Authors: Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L. E., Fissell, K., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D.
Affiliations: Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Princeton University (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Botvinick, Matthew
ORCID: Botvinick, Matthew
Carter, Cameron S.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1999-11
Volume: 402
Issue: 6758
Pages: 179-181
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/46035
OpenAlex: W1659864209
Cited by: 2,044
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 84
FWCI: 19.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Fetzer Institute
National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Keywords: anterior cingulate cortex, conflict monitoring, response conflict, top-down attentional control, cognitive control, action selection
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Motor Activity

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Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex

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