Neural Activity Changes Associated with Impulsive Responding in the Sustained Attention to Response Task
Open accessAbstract
Humans can anticipate and prepare for uncertainties to achieve a goal. However, it is difficult to maintain this effort over a prolonged period of time. Inappropriate behavior is impulsively (or mindlessly) activated by an external trigger, which can result in serious consequences such as traffic crashes. Thus, we examined the neural mechanisms underlying such impulsive responding using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two participants performed a block-designed sustained attention to response task (SART), where each task block was composed of consecutive Go trials followed by a NoGo trial at the end. This task configuration enabled us to measure compromised preparation for NoGo trials during Go responses using reduced Go reaction times. Accordingly, parametric modulation analysis was conducted on fMRI data using block-based mean Go reaction times as an online marker of impulsive responding in the SART. We found that activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was positively modulated with mean Go reaction times. In addition, activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was negatively modulated with mean Go reaction times, albeit statistically weakly. Taken together, spontaneously reduced activity in the right DLPFC and the IPS and spontaneously elevated activity in the MPFC and the PCC were associated with impulsive responding in the SART. These results suggest that such a spontaneous transition of brain activity pattern results in impulsive responding in monotonous situations, which in turn, might cause human errors in actual work environments.
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High level of impulsivity is associated with decreased reactivity of both anterior and posterior DMN.
“In another study, high level of impulsivity was associated with decreased reactivity of both anterior and posterior DMN12.”
From Effects of l-theanine–caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: a proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The Abstract and Discussion (page numbers not provided) say that impulsive responding in the SART was associated with elevated, not decreased, activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex—regions the Discussion identifies as core DMN regions. The paper describes this association as statistically weak. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImpaired sustained attention and inhibitory control in patients with ADHD is associated with increased task-associated mind wandering.
“Impaired sustained attention and inhibitory control in patients with ADHD is associated with increased task-associated mind wandering8–12.”
From Effects of l-theanine–caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: a proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that patients with difficulty sustaining attention made more NoGo errors than controls, which supports the attention and inhibitory-response portion of the claim. It does not link those patients’ performance to increased task-associated mind wandering. The study’s participants were healthy adults, as stated in Materials and Methods (page unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Sakai, H., Uchiyama, Y., Shin, D., Hayashi, M. J., & Sadato, N.
- Affiliations
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan) (JP)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sakai, Hiroyuki
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-06-25
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e67391
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3692459
- OpenAlex
- W2037481633
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Helsingin Yliopisto
- Aalto-Yliopisto
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21220005)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- impulsive responding, Sustained Attention to Response Task, reaction time, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, brain activity modulation, human error, monotonous work
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time
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