The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. METHODS: We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose-response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose-risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The increase in the risk of developing cancer (stratified by cancer site) for increasing average daily amounts of alcohol consumed (measured in grams of pure alcohol consumed per day) has been observed to be linear on an exponentiated scale; however, the magnitude of these risk increases varies by cancer site 169, 170, 171.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [169]
In the citing paper
“However, no association was found between excess alcohol consumption and the dementias,11 CHD,91 lung76 or liver cancer.99”
From Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Excess alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of stroke, bowel and breast cancer (between 20% and 50%).11,76,97”
From Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008
Ferlay, J., Shin, H., Bray, F., Forman, D., Mathers, C. D., & Parkin, D. M. (2010) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25516 · Cited by 21,468
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., & Patra, J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60746-7 · Cited by 3,870
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillies, A. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315377315-19 · Cited by 2,876
Methods for Trend Estimation from Summarized Dose-Response Data, with Applications to Meta-Analysis
Greenland, S., & Longnecker, M. P. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237 · Cited by 2,353
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE1
GREENLAND, S. (1987) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036298 · Cited by 1,644 · cited 1×
“Measures of association and the corresponding CIs were translated into log(RR)s and their variances (Greenland, 1987).”
MethodMolecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis
Seitz, H. K., & Stickel, F. (2007) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2191 · Cited by 1,166
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2002) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600596 · Cited by 1,135
Boffetta, P., & Hashibe, M. (2006) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70577-0 · Cited by 877
Self-citationFedirko, V., Tramacere, I., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Negri, E., Straíf, K., Romieu, I., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq653 · Cited by 723
Self-citationHamling, J., Lee, P. N., Weitkunat, R., & Ambühl, M. (2007) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3013 · Cited by 649
A meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and cancer risk
Bagnardi, V., Blangiardo, M., Vecchia, C. L., & Corrao, G. (2001) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2001.2140 · Cited by 596
Self-citationDistribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations
Goedde, H. W., Agarwal, D. P., Fritze, G., Meier-Tackmann, D., Singh, S., Beckmann, G., Bhatia, K., Chen, L. Z., Fang, B., Lisker, R., et al. (1992) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00197271 · Cited by 564
Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Dose-Response Data
Berlin, J. A., Longnecker, M. P., & Greenland, S. (1993) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199305000-00005 · Cited by 563
Singletary, K. W., & Gapstur, S. M. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.17.2143 · Cited by 516
Pöschl, G. (2004) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh057 · Cited by 455
Light alcohol drinking and cancer: a meta-analysis
Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Botteri, E., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Fedirko, V., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Turati, F., Pasquali, E., et al. (2013) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds337 · Cited by 424
Self-citationKiechl, S. J., Willeit, J., Poewe, W. H., Egger, G., Oberhollenzer, F., Muggeo, M., & Bonora, E. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7064.1040 · Cited by 344
The burden of cancer attributable to alcohol drinking
Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., Vecchia, C. L., Zatoński, W. A., & Rehm, J. T. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21903 · Cited by 329
Self-citationA meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk
Tramacere, I., Negri, E., Pelucchi, C., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Vecchia, C. L., & Boffetta, P. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr135 · Cited by 312
Self-citationFerrari, P., Jenab, M., Norat, T., Moskal, A., Slimani, N., Olsen, A., Tjønneland, A. M., Overvad, K., Jensen, M. K., Boutron‐Ruault, M., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22966 · Cited by 281
Self-citationEpidemiology and Pathophysiology of Alcohol and Breast Cancer: Update 2012
Seitz, H. K., Pelucchi, C., Bagnardi, V., & Vecchia, C. L. (2012) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags011 · Cited by 271
Self-citationAlcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Nelson, D. E., Jarman, D. W., Rehm, J. T., Greenfield, T. K., Rey, G., Kerr, W. C., Miller, P. E., Shield, K. D., Ye, Y., & Naimi, T. S. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301199 · Cited by 249
Alcohol drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of the dose‐risk relation
Tramacere, I., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Bagnardi, V., Bellocco, R., Rota, M., Corrao, G., Bravi, F., Boffetta, P., & Vecchia, C. L. (2009) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.24936 · Cited by 230
Self-citationHealth issues related to alcohol consumption
Macdonald, I. A., & Europe, I. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 227
Islami, F., Fedirko, V., Tramacere, I., Bagnardi, V., Jenab, M., Scotti, L., Rota, M., Corrao, G., Garavello, W., Schüz, J., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25885 · Cited by 185
Self-citationFormation of acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts due to alcohol exposure
Yu, H.-S., Oyama, T., Isse, T., Kitagawa, K., Pham, T.-T.-P., Tanaka, M., & Kawamoto, T. (2010) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.005 · Cited by 176
Factors Associated With Cancer of the Esophagus, Mouth, and Pharynx in Puerto Rico 2
Martìnez, I. (1969) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/42.6.1069 · Cited by 172
Alcohol drinking and the risk of colorectal cancer death
Cai, S., Li, Y., Ye, D., Chen, K., & Jin, M. (2014) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000076 · Cited by 170
Bagnardi, V, Zatonski, W., Scotti, L., La Vecchia, C., & Corrao, G. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2007.065607 · Cited by 165
Self-citationHamid, A., Wani, N. A., & Kaur, J. (2009) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06959.x · Cited by 137
Alcohol Intake and Renal Cell Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Studies
Lee, J. E., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Adami, H.-O., Albanes, D., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Cho, E., Folsom, A. R., et al. (2007) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djk181 · Cited by 126
Trichopoulos, D., Τζώνου, Α., Kaklamani, E., Zavitsanos, X., Koumantaki, Y., Day, N., Muñóz, N., & Trichopoulou, A. (1987) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910390109 · Cited by 114
Islami, F., Tramacere, I., Rota, M., Bagnardi, V., Fedirko, V., Scotti, L., Garavello, W., Jenab, M., Corrao, G., Straíf, K., et al. (2010) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.07.015 · Cited by 113
Self-citationA meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk
Tramacere, I., Pelucchi, C., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., Vecchia, C. L., & Negri, E. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr136 · Cited by 110
Self-citationAlcohol drinking and risk of renal cell carcinoma: results of a meta-analysis
Bellocco, R., Pasquali, E., Rota, M., Bagnardi, V., Tramacere, I., Scotti, L., Pelucchi, C., Boffetta, P., Corrao, G., & Vecchia, C. L. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds022 · Cited by 85
Self-citationAlcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk
Rota, M., Scotti, L., Turati, F., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Bellocco, R., Negri, E., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32834dbc11 · Cited by 82
Self-citationOze, I., Matsuo, K., Wakai, K., Nagata, C., Mizoue, T., Tanaka, K., Tsuji, I., Sasazuki, S., Inoue, M., & Tsugane, S. (2011) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/hyr026 · Cited by 82
Rota, M., Bellocco, R., Scotti, L., Tramacere, I., Jenab, M., Corrao, G., Vecchia, C. L., Boffetta, P., & Bagnardi, V. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4041 · Cited by 80
Self-citationA meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and oral and pharyngeal cancers. Part 2: Results by subsites
Turati, F., Garavello, W., Tramacere, I., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2010) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.07.010 · Cited by 79
Self-citationAlcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in never smokers: a meta-analysis
Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Botteri, E., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Bellocco, R., Tramacere, I., Pelucchi, C., Negri, E., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr027 · Cited by 69
Self-citationAlcohol drinking and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Tramacere, I., Pelucchi, C., Bonifazi, M., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Bellocco, R., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., et al. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds013 · Cited by 67
Self-citationSawada, N., Inoue, M., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., & Tsugane, S. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28423 · Cited by 65
Interaction of alcohol and tobacco as risk factors in cancer of the laryngeal region.
Olsen, J. H., Sabreo, S., & Fasting, U. (1985) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.39.2.165 · Cited by 64
Induction of skin carcinogenicity by alcohol and ultraviolet light
Saladi, R. N., Nektalova, T., & Fox, J. L. (2009) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03465.x · Cited by 58
Alcohol drinking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Pelucchi, C., Galeone, C., Tramacere, I., Bagnardi, V., Negri, E., Islami, F., Scotti, L., Bellocco, R., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., et al. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr460 · Cited by 58
Self-citationEstimation of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol drinking in china
Liang, H., Wang, J., Xiao, H., Wang, D., Wei, W., Qiao, Y., & Boffetta, P. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-730 · Cited by 58
Self-citationAlcoholic beverages and cancers of the digestive tract and larynx
Doll, R., Forman, D. T., Vecchia, C. L., & Woutersen, R. A. (1999) · TNO Repository · Cited by 54
Fluid intake and risk of bladder and other cancers
Altieri, A., Vecchia, C. L., & Negri, E. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601903 · Cited by 53
Self-citationTrends in alcohol consumption in Europe and their impact on major alcohol-related cancers
Vecchia, C. L., Bosetti, C., Bertuccio, P., Castro, C., Pelucchi, C., & Negri, E. (2013) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32836562f1 · Cited by 53
Self-citationAlcohol drinking and epithelial ovarian cancer risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rota, M., Pasquali, E., Scotti, L., Pelucchi, C., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Negri, E., Boffetta, P., Bellocco, R., Corrao, G., et al. (2012) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.03.031 · Cited by 52
Self-citationAlcohol intolerance in neoplastic disease.
Brewin, T. B. (1966) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5511.437 · Cited by 52
Mukherji, B. (2013) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.08.017 · Cited by 51
A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of brain tumours
Galeone, C., Malerba, S., Rota, M., Bagnardi, V., Negri, E., Scotti, L., Bellocco, R., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds432 · Cited by 47
Self-citationCase–control study of lifetime alcohol intake and prostate cancer risk
McGregor, S. E., Courneya, K. S., Kopciuk, K. A., Tosevski, C., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2012) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-012-0131-7 · Cited by 44
Prevalence of main cancer lifestyle risk factors in Europe in 2000
Boniol, M., & Autier, P. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.049 · Cited by 40
Diet, alcohol, and health: a story of connections, confounders, and cofactors
Klatsky, A. L. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.3.279 · Cited by 32
A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma
Tramacere, I., Pelucchi, C., Bonifazi, M., Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Bellocco, R., Scotti, L., Islami, F., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e328350b11b · Cited by 30
Self-citationBook Review: Alcohol: Science, policy and public health
Allebeck, P. (2013) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.2478/nsad-2013-0026 · Cited by 23
Heinen, M. M., Verhage, B. A. J., Schouten, L. J., Goldbohm, R. A., Schouten, H. C., & van den Brandt, P. A. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28175 · Cited by 19
Alcohol and endometrial cancer risk: a case–control study and a meta-analysis
Turati, F., Gallus, S., Tavani, A., Tramacere, I., Polesel, J., Talamini, R., Montella, M., Scotti, L., Franceshi, S., & Vecchia, C. L. (2010) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9556-z · Cited by 19
Self-citation(2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199655786.001.0001 · Cited by 18
THE POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL WITH EXCESSIVE MORTALITY FROM CANCER
Newsholme, A. (1903) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2241.1529 · Cited by 15
Alcohol intolerance associated with Hodgkin lymphoma
Bryant, A. J., & Newman, J. H. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.120974 · Cited by 6
WATSON, R. R., Nixon, P. F., Seitz, H. K., & Maclennan, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- IARC Working Group (2010) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: A Review of Human Carcinogens: Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions. International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon.
- Lamy L (1910) Étude clinique et statistique de 134 cas de cancer de l’oesophage et du cardia. Arch Mal App Dig 4: 451–475.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21660 · Cited by 108,699
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors
Rawla, P., Sunkara, T., & Barsouk, A. A. (2019) · Gastroenterology Review · doi:10.5114/pg.2018.81072 · Cited by 2,477
“Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (greater than one daily serving) are associated with increased risk of CRC [54, 55].”
BackgroundEpidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
McGlynn, K. A., Petrick, J. L., & El‐Serag, H. B. (2020) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31288 · Cited by 2,200
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161 · Cited by 1,362
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Tempero, M. A., Malafa, M. P., Al-Hawary, M. M., Behrman, S. W., Benson, A. B., Cardin, D. B., Chiorean, E. G., Chung, V. M., Czito, B. G., Chiaro, M. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2021.0017 · Cited by 1,356
Metadata
- Authors
- Bagnardi, V, Rota, M., Botteri, E., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Fedirko, V, Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Turati, F., Pasquali, E., Pelucchi, C., Galeone, C., Bellocco, R., Negri, E., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., & La Vecchia, C.
- Affiliations
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bagnardi, V
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2014-11-25
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 580-593
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC4453639
- OpenAlex
- W1965385210
- Cited by
- 1,342
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 21
- FWCI
- 42.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (10258)
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, alcohol and cancer risk, dose-response relationship, heavy drinking, oral and pharyngeal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- MeSH terms
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Alcohol Drinking, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Mouth Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Incidence, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
