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Roles of the Polycomb group proteins in stem cells and cancer

Richly, H, Aloia, L, Di Croce, L·2011·Cell Death & Disease
DOI 10.1038/cddis.2011.84PMC PMC3186902
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Figure 1 Epigenetic modifications at bivalent genes. Bivalent genes are earmarked by activating and repressive epigenetic marks. MLL complexes decorate chromatin with an activating H3K4me3 mark. The consecutive action of PRC2 and PRC1 complexes leads to disposition of repressive marks at chromatin. PRC2 carries out the specific methylation (H3K27me3), which is thought to recruit PRC1 via proteins of the CBX family. PRC1 complexes subsequently transfer a monoubiquitin residue to histone H2A (H2AK119). Both, PRC1 and monoubiquitinated histone H2A (H2Aub) lock chromatin in a silenced state and force Pol II to remain in a paused state
Figure 1 Epigenetic modifications at bivalent genes. Bivalent genes are earmarked by activating and repressive epigenetic marks. MLL complexes decorate chromatin with an activating H3K4me3 mark. The consecutive action of PRC2 and PRC1 complexes leads to disposition of repressive marks at chromatin. PRC2 carries out the specific methylation (H3K27me3), which is thought to recruit PRC1 via proteins of the CBX family. PRC1 complexes subsequently transfer a monoubiquitin residue to histone H2A (H2AK119). Both, PRC1 and monoubiquitinated histone H2A (H2Aub) lock chromatin in a silenced state and force Pol II to remain in a paused stateCC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Role of Polycomb proteins in the emergence of cancer stem cells. ES cells undergo asymmetric cell divisions that give rise to daughter cells (self-renewal) and progenitor cells that ultimately differentiate into a distinct cell type. Integrity of Polycomb complexes is required for proper ES and adult stem cell differentiation. In addition, PRC1 and PRC2 are required for the self-renewal of adult, but not embryonic, stem cells. Misregulation of the levels of the Polycomb group proteins can lead to the formation of cancer stem cells, which maintain the ability to self-renew and undergo uncontrolled differentiation, leading to the generation of heterogenous tumors
Figure 2 Role of Polycomb proteins in the emergence of cancer stem cells. ES cells undergo asymmetric cell divisions that give rise to daughter cells (self-renewal) and progenitor cells that ultimately differentiate into a distinct cell type. Integrity of Polycomb complexes is required for proper ES and adult stem cell differentiation. In addition, PRC1 and PRC2 are required for the self-renewal of adult, but not embryonic, stem cells. Misregulation of the levels of the Polycomb group proteins can lead to the formation of cancer stem cells, which maintain the ability to self-renew and undergo uncontrolled differentiation, leading to the generation of heterogenous tumorsCC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Richly, H., Aloia, L., & Di Croce, L.
Venue
Cell Death & Disease
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-09-01
Volume
2
Issue
9
Pages
e204-e204
ISSN
2041-4889
DOI
10.1038/cddis.2011.84
PMC
PMC3186902
Cited by
218
References
6
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)

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