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Generative AI’s environmental costs are soaring — and mostly secret
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“AI, particularly generative models, can be extraordinarily energy- and water-intensive, thereby incurring significant environmental costs41.”
From Systematic review of cost effectiveness and budget impact of artificial intelligence in healthcare (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Recent studies warn that GenAI's growth could one day rival the energy consumption of entire nations [28]”
From Understanding the Practices, Perceptions, and (Dis)Trust of Generative AI among Instructors: A Mixed-methods Study in the U.S. Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Crawford, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crawford, Kate
- ORCID
- Crawford, Kate
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2024-02-20
- Volume
- 626
- Issue
- 8000
- Pages
- 693-693
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4391965576
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 36
- FWCI
- 18.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Keywords
- generative AI, environmental costs, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, environmental regulation, United States legislation
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