How much energy will AI really consume? The good, the bad and the unknown

United States Data Center Energy Usage Report

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The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of AI Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

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Advances and challenges in energy and climate alignment of AI infrastructure expansion

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Quantifying the global eco-footprint of wearable healthcare electronics

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Power hungry: How AI will drive energy demand

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There is no such thing as conscious artificial intelligence

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Electrocatalyst-induced kinetic modulation of anion-based redox mediators in aqueous iron–chromium redox flow batteries

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Technology Roadmap of Bioinspired Computing Hardware

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The Emergence of AI in Public Health Is Calling for Operational Ethics to Foster Responsible Uses

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Exploring the AI electricity crisis scenario: A case study of Texas-ERCOT

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Leveraging Deep Reinforcement Learning within Optimal Renewable Energy Strategies for Sustainable AI Data Centers

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Sustainable AI: Emerging Trends, Impacts, and Future Challenges

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Immersion cooling technology: Coolants and modification, cooling surface structure and system optimization

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Predictive Energy: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Energy Forecasting and Management

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From computation to environmental cost the resource burden of artificial intelligence

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Generalist models in medical image segmentation: A survey and performance comparison with task-specific approaches

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AI’s energy paradox: Governing the trilemma of security, justice, and sustainability

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AI’s Thirst, AI’s Heat, AI’s Waste: Exposing the Hidden Environmental Impact of Every Artificial Intelligence Interaction

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Global electricity development and transition: Progress and assessment

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Proton-preferential adsorption interface enabling interfacial ion regulation for stable and high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Confronting the Ethical Issues with Artificial Intelligence Use in Nephrology

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Intermediate Resistive State in Wafer‐Scale Vertical MoS 2 Memristors Through Lateral Silver Filament Growth for Artificial Synapse Applications

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Energy-efficient machine learning approaches for enhanced biofuel (Biodiesel) production: A review

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Sustainable AI in medicine: balancing benefits and environmental costs

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Large-scale protonic ceramic electrochemical cells fabricated by inkjet printing

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Industrial-scale nanocrystalline Ni–Mo–MgO catalysts for hybrid reforming of waste to fuels

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Interfacial engineering-enabled activation-free Zn2+-dominated kinetics in MnO2 cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Reconfigurable artificial synapses with an organic antiambipolar transistor for brain-inspired computing

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Watts-Per-Intelligence: Part I (Energy Efficiency)

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Advancing sustainability through digitalization: from drug development to patient care

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Automated building heritage assessment using street-level imagery

Dabrock, K., Johansson, T. D., Donarelli, A., Mangold, M., Pflugradt, N., Weinand, J. M., & Linssen, J. G. A. (2026) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114654 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Carbon Topography Representation: Improving Impacts of Data Center Lifecycle

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The Energy and Environmental Footprint of AI

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GenAI’s silent cost: the looming environmental crisis

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From bytes to sustainable: Assessing the environmental and socioeconomic footprints of the global digital industry

Ma, T., Yuan, R., Zhao, M., & Jin, Y. (2026) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Battery Architecture Without Cathode Based on Deposition and Dissolution Chemistry of Aluminum and Manganese Ions

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Computational Approaches to Drug Discovery

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The green algorithm: can sustainability define the winner in the AI race?

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Industrial relocation: its heterogeneous effects on photovoltaic development in China

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Electropolymerized PEDOT:PSS‐Based Memtransistors for Neuromorphic Computing

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Evaluation of neural network in multivariate interpolation of rate coefficients in air kinetics

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From Jevons to Khazzoom-Brookes: Why energy efficiency alone won’t lead to sustainability

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Data centers: an emerging threat to freshwater biodiversity in the United States

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Co-Creating GenAI-Generated Visualizations of People Living With Dementia: A Participatory Text-To-Image Method and Case-Based Evaluation

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Bad AI-generated images can be good for teaching visual literacy in biology

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Public perceptions of AI energy consumption: Awareness, responsibility attribution, and strategies

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AI and human designers: How consumers see the genuine care in product design as more sustainable

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Weight-Quantized Performance Improvement in Spiking Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks for Resistive Memory Device Implementations

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Strategic data center siting can mitigate dilemmas between decarbonization and digitalization in JapanPreprint

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Strategic data center siting can mitigate dilemmas between decarbonization and digitalization in JapanPreprint

Onodera, H., Shiraki, H., & Matsuhashi, K. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6707312/v2

Talk is Cheap, Energy is Not: Towards a Green, Context-Aware Metrics Framework for Automatic Speech Recognition

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Wave regression: nonlinear cognitive heuristic

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Global Electricity Development and Transition: Progress and AssessmentPreprint

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Large-scale, High-performance Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells Fabricated by Inkjet PrintingPreprint

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Achieving 40.99% PCE and a very low temperature sensitivity of -0.4 in a tandem solar cell using cesium-based absorbers and different fullerene derivatives as ETL

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Unveiling the fundamentals of two-phase axial-flow-induced vibrations of cantilever rods

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Automated Building Heritage Assessment Using Street-Level ImageryPreprint

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AI as Political Infrastructure: A Diamond Model of Political AI Ethics

Bozdağ, A. A. (2026) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-026-01058-9

Data Centred: the Shifting Landscape of Canada's Digital InfrastructurePreprint

Carlo, A., & Rolheiser, L. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6464099

Summary for Part II: Division of Labour and Societal Decisions

Wahlström, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00729-2_8

Responsible and Trustworthy Generative AI Use in Canadian Public Health: A Policy Scan and Content Analysis of Organizational Public Health Policies

MacKay, M., Khalid, F., Dunn, E., & McWhirter, J. E. (2026) · Advances in Public Health · doi:10.1155/adph/7677566

Next Generative AI Benchmark Development

Patel, H., Sundararajan, N., Wakou, N., Cao, P., & Schmidt, D. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18070-4_13

Sustainable AI research? Researchers' perceptions of the environmental impact of AI and emissions-feedback tools

Willem, T., & Piraud, M. (2026) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3805689.3812295

Compute resource flow networks and digital innovation: evidence from inter-city connectivity

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Emerging Media Arts and Environmental Futures

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L'IA et l'IA générative à l'université

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Opening the black box of data center electricity consumption forecasting: An application of system dynamics modeling to Northern Virginia

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Strategic data center siting can mitigate trade-offs between decarbonization and digitalization in Japan

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Evaluating the Energy-Performance Trade-Offs of Quantized Large Language Model Agents: A Case Study Using Pokémon Battles

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Ethics and Professionalism in Artificial Intelligence and Medical Practice: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians

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Binary-weight Spiking Neural Networks for Low-Power Circular Object Tracking

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Irredundant k-fold cross-validation for reliable, scalable, and energy-efficient model evaluation

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Ecological Invisibility in Classroom AI Use: Rethinking Pedagogical Efficiency, Sustainability and Teacher Agency

Uğraş, H., & Uğraş, M. (2026) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems14101268

AI advancements can advance environmental inequities and health harms

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The key to unlocking space computing power networks: Tradeoff computing capability and energy consumption

Zhou, D., Sheng, M., Bao, C., Li, J., Chen, D., & Han, Z. (2026) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2026.09.016

Post-Training Threshold-Scaling for Efficient SNN Classification on Neuromorphic Hardware

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The Sustainability of AI Literacy: The Environmental Cost of Embracing Generative AI in Higher Education

Dale, G., & Drummond, M. (2026) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-34574-5_22

A mesterséges intelligencia energiaigénye és társadalmi ára Európában

Szuchy, R. (2026) · Gazdaság és Jog · doi:10.59851/gj.34.7-8.3

Water and energy footprints of data centers in warm climates: thermodynamic modeling of cooling modes and climatic variability

Sánchez, R., Ashkanani, Z., Abdulrahman, R., & Mohtar, R. H. (2026) · Energy Nexus · doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100888

Energy management systems (EMSs) in integrated energy systems with artificial intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development: A Structured Critical Review of Applications, Benefits, Risks and Governance PrioritiesPreprint

Drousiotis, S. S., Nicou, G., & Katsioloudes, M. I. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11551426/v1

Reporting electricity consumption is essential for sustainable AI

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Fixing AI’s energy crisis

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On the Energy Needs of Artificial Intelligence

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Unplugging the Artificial Intelligence Energy EmergencyPreprint

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Energy and Artificial Intelligence: A Customer That Is Also a Tool, and the Race Between Demand and Grid CapacityPreprint

Ghorbani, P. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.23517226