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Prevalence of white-coat and masked hypertension in national and international registries
Open accessAbstract
In the past two decades, techniques for the measurement of blood pressure outside the medical setting have unmasked highly prevalent situations. A significant proportion of patients with office blood pressure levels above the thresholds for diagnosing hypertension or above the limits where those being treated are considered to be adequately controlled actually show normal ambulatory blood pressure levels. These patients have white-coat hypertension if untreated or false resistance to antihypertensive therapy because of the white-coat effect if treated. However, some individuals with normal office blood pressure measurements show elevated ambulatory blood pressure levels, and thus have masked hypertension if untreated or masked uncontrolled hypertension if treated. When looking for white-coat hypertension in patients with elevated office blood pressure levels or when looking for masked hypertension in office-controlled patients, up to one in three patients in each scenario would have white-coat or masked hypertension. Although related clinical factors, such as age, gender and global cardiovascular risk, are associated with both conditions, their abilities to predict such a misclassification are very low. Thus, assessing individual blood pressure levels by means of an ambulatory technique, particularly ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is now considered a priority in diagnosing hypertension and in evaluating hypertension control.
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“Although office BP was the most commonly used method by the included RCTs and in clinical practice, it is consistently least predictive of cardiovascular outcomes among BP measurement methods due to both white-coat and masked effects 51,52”
From Effect and Acceptability of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Patients With Elevated Blood Pressure or Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2020) · cites this paper as [51]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gorostidi, M., Vinyoles, E., Banegas, J. R., & de la Sierra, A.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Venue
- Hypertension Research
- Published
- 2014-10-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0916-9636 (ISSN-L)
- 1348-4214
- OpenAlex
- W2077649372
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Hypertension Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, office blood pressure, hypertension misclassification, hypertension control, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Prevalence, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, White Coat Hypertension, Masked Hypertension
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