The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effect of obesity combined with low muscle strength on decline in mobility in older persons: results from the InCHIANTI Study
Open accessAbstract
Objective Both obesity and muscle impairment are increasingly prevalent among older persons and negatively affect health and physical functioning. However, the combined effect of coexisting obesity and muscle impairment on physical function decline has been little studied. We examined whether obese persons with low muscle strength experience significantly greater declines in walking speed and mobility than persons with only obesity or low muscle strength.Design Community-dwelling adults aged > or = 65 years (n = 930) living in the Chianti geographic area (Tuscany, Italy) were followed for 6 years in the population-based InCHIANTI study.Measurements On the basis of baseline measurements (1998-2000), obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg/m(2) and low muscle strength as lowest sex-specific tertile of knee extensor strength. Walking speed and self-reported mobility disability (ability to walk 400 m or climb one flight of stairs) were assessed at baseline and at 3- and 6-year follow-up.Results At baseline, obese persons with low muscle strength had significantly lower walking speed compared with all other groups (P < or = 0.05). In longitudinal analyses, obese participants with low muscle strength had steeper decline in walking speed and high risk of developing new mobility disability over the 6-year follow-up compared with those without obesity or low muscle strength. After the age of 80, the differences between groups were substantially attenuated. The differences seen in walking speed across combination of low muscle strength and obesity groups were partly explained by 6-year changes in muscle strength, BMI and waist circumference.Conclusions Obesity combined with low muscle strength increases the risk of decline in walking speed and developing mobility disability, especially among persons < 80 years old.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“mobility disability trajectories and gait speed over 6 years were steepest in individuals with obesity as defined by BMI and low muscle strength200”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [200]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Data from the InCHIANTI study noted rates of 3.2–8.7% using the low knee extensor strength with either high BMI or waist circumferrence200.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [200]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI, aging in the Chianti area) study, community-dwelling older adults with dynapenic obesity showed a steeper decline in walking speed and an increased risk of developing new mobility disability over the 6-year follow-up compared to those without obesity or dynapenia (38).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia and obesity can co-occur, and synergistically are associated with worse functional decline and outcomes than is either condition alone.70”
From Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 13,173
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792
Self-citationEveritt, B. S. (2001) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605542-11 · Cited by 6,877
Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E., & Wallace, R. B. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503023320902 · Cited by 4,083
Self-citationLinear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data
Verbeke, G. (1997) · Lecture Notes in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2294-1_3 · Cited by 3,506
Diggle, P. J., Heagerty, P. J., Liang, K., & Zeger, S. L. (2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198524847.001.0001 · Cited by 3,388
Goodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Pieper, C. F., Leveille, S. G., Markides, K. S., Ostir, G. V., Studenski, S., Berkman, L. F., & Wallace, R. B. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m221 · Cited by 2,898
Self-citationLinear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data
Molenberghs, G., & Verbeke, G. N. (2000) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0300-6 · Cited by 2,681
Lauretani, F., Russo, C. R., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Cavazzini, C., Di Iorio, A., Corsi, A. M., Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003 · Cited by 1,946
Self-citationInvited Review: Aging and sarcopenia
Doherty, T. J. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00347.2003 · Cited by 1,764
Models for Discrete Longitudinal Data
Molenberghs, G., & Verbeke, G. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28980-1 · Cited by 1,487
Visser, M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Nevitt, M., Rubin, S. M., Simonsick, E. M., Harris, T. B., & Study, F. T. H. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.3.324 · Cited by 1,403
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Penninx, B. W. H. J., Nicklas, B. J., Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Brach, J. S., Satterfield, S., Bauer, D. C., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x · Cited by 1,192
Body Composition in Healthy Aging
BAUMGARTNER, R. N. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x · Cited by 1,078
Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences
Stenholm, S., Harris, T. B., Rantanen, T., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Ferrucci, L. (2008) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328312c37d · Cited by 1,070
Self-citationMessier, S. P., Loeser, R. F., Miller, G. D., Morgan, T. M., Rejeski, W. J., Sevick, M. A., Ettinger, W. H., Pahor, M., & Williamson, J. D. (2004) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20256 · Cited by 1,065
Morley, J. E., Baumgartner, R., Roubenoff, R., Mayer, J., & Nair, K. S. (2001) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1067/mlc.2001.113504 · Cited by 964
Sarcopenic obesity: A new category of obesity in the elderly
Zamboni, M., Mazzali, G., Fantin, F., Rossi, A., & Di Francesco, V. (2008) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.10.002 · Cited by 953
Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Elderly
Baumgartner, R. N., Wayne, S. J., Waters, D. L., Janssen, I., Gallagher, D., & Morley, J. E. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.250 · Cited by 937
Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., Benvenuti, E., Iorio, A. D., Macchi, C., Harris, T. B., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03873.x · Cited by 797
Self-citationMuscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men
Rantanen, T., Harris, T., Leveille, S. G., Visser, M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.3.m168 · Cited by 647
Self-citationSarcopenic obesity and inflammation in the InCHIANTI study
Schrager, M. A., Metter, E. J., Simonsick, E., Ble, A., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., & Ferrucci, L. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00627.2006 · Cited by 594
Self-citationThe Women's Health and Aging Study: Health and Social Characteristics of Older Women with Disability
Guralnik, J. M., Fried, L. P., Simonsick, E. M., Kasper, J. D., & Lafferty, M. E. (1995) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e306362003-001 · Cited by 504
Self-citationValidity and repeatability of the EPIC-Norfolk Physical Activity Questionnaire
Wareham, N. J., Jakes, R. W., Rennie, K. L., Mitchell, J., Hennings, S., & Day, N. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.168 · Cited by 438
Davison, K. K., Ford, E. S., Cogswell, M. E., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50508.x · Cited by 435
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Baumgartner, R., Atkinson, H. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Lenchik, L., Palla, S. L., Ambrosius, W. T., Tracy, R. P., & Pahor, M. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.82.2.428 · Cited by 432
The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004
Alley, D. E., & Chang, V. W. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.17.2020 · Cited by 414
Self-citationZoico, E., Di Francesco, V, Guralnik, J. M., Mazzali, G., Bortolani, A., Guariento, S., Sergi, G., Bosello, O., & Zamboni, M. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802552 · Cited by 392
Self-citationCesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Baumgartner, R., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.2.428 · Cited by 345
Effect of weight loss and exercise on frailty in obese older adults
Villareal, D. T., Banks, M., Sinacore, D. R., Siener, C., & Klein, S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.8.860 · Cited by 302
Sarcopenia: Effects on Body Composition and Function
Roubenoff, R. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.11.m1012 · Cited by 282
Total energy expenditure in the elderly
Elia, M., Ritz, P., & Stubbs, R. J. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601030 · Cited by 223
Forecasting the Obesity Epidemic in the Aging U.S. Population
Wang, Y. C., Colditz, G. A., & Kuntz, K. M. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.339 · Cited by 165
Reuben, D. B., Seeman, T. E., Keeler, E. B., Hayes, R. P., Bowman, L., Sewall, A., Hirsch, S. H., Wallace, R. B., & Guralnik, J. M. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.10.m1056 · Cited by 149
Self-citationMeasuring muscular strength of the lower limbs by hand-held dynamometer: A standard protocol
Bandinelli, S., Benvenuti, E., Lungo, I. D., Baccini, M., Benvenuti, F., Iorio, A. D., & Ferrucci, L. (1999) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03339802 · Cited by 146
Self-citationReexamining the Sarcopenia Hypothesis: Muscle Mass versus Muscle Strength
VISSER, M., NEWMAN, A. B., NEVITT, M. C., KRITCHEVSKY, S. B., STAMM, E. B., GOODPASTER, B. H., HARRIS, T. B., & FOR THE HEALTH, A. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06500.x · Cited by 141
Can obesity be a risk factor in elderly people?
İnelmen, E., Sergi, G., Coin, A., Miotto, F., Peruzza, S., & Enzi, G. (2003) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2003.00107.x · Cited by 136
The role of waist circumference in predicting disability in periretirement age adults
Angleman, S. B., Harris, T. B., & Melzer, D. R. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803130 · Cited by 112
Stenholm, S., Rantanen, T., Heliövaara, M., & Koskinen, S. V. P. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01567.x · Cited by 111
Self-citationWang, X., Miller, G. D., Messier, S. P., & Nicklas, B. J. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.8.866 · Cited by 91
Obesity History as a Predictor of Walking Limitation at Old Age
Stenholm, S., Rantanen, T., Alanen, E., Reunanen, A., Sainio, P., & Koskinen, S. V. P. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.583 · Cited by 84
Self-citationLee, J. S., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F., Harris, T. B., Simonsick, E. M., Rubin, S. M., Newman, A. B., & Study, F. T. H. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.8.1007 · Cited by 79
Weight Change and Lower Body Disability in Older Mexican Americans
Snih, S. A., Raji, M. A., Markides, K. S., Ottenbacher, K. J., & Goodwin, J. S. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53522.x · Cited by 51
Obesity, Disability, and Mortality
Ferrucci, L. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.8.750 · Cited by 47
Self-citationRelative Weight and Mobility: A Longitudinal Study in a Biracial Population of Older Adults
de Leon, C. F. M., Hansberry, M. R., Bienias, J. L., Morris, M. C., & Evans, D. A. (2006) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.05.002 · Cited by 26
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies
Batsis, J. A., & Villareal, D. T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0062-9 · Cited by 1,382
Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases
Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70034-8 · Cited by 1,102
Self-citationSarcopenic obesity: a critical appraisal of the current evidence
Prado, C. M. M., Wells, J. C. K., Smith, S. R., Stephan, B. C. M., & Siervo, M. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.06.010 · Cited by 589
Adiposity, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Strength in Relation to Functional Decline in Older Persons
Schaap, L. A., Koster, A., & Visser, M. (2013) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxs006 · Cited by 423
Obesity and mobility disability in the older adult
Vincent, H. K., Vincent, K. R., & Lamb, K. M. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00703.x · Cited by 382
Metadata
- Authors
- Stenholm, S., Alley, D., Bandinelli, S., Griswold, M. E., Koskinen, S., Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stenholm, S
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2009-04-21
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 635-644
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- PMC
- PMC2697265
- OpenAlex
- W2123960494
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (N.1‐AG‐1‐2111, N.1-AG-1-1, N01 AG000005, N01 AG-5-0002)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (263MD9164, 263MD 821336, R01MD009164)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- obesity, muscle weakness, mobility decline, walking speed, mobility impairment, older adults, quadriceps strength, body mass index, waist circumference, physical function, InCHIANTI study
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Italy, Locomotion, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Geriatric Assessment, Body Mass Index, Walking, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
