Muscle quality and muscle fat infiltration in relation to incident mobility disability and gait speed decline: the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with increased risk of reduced mobility. However, data on muscle components in relation to subjective and objective indicators of disability is limited. METHODS: Data were from 2,725 participants (43% men) aged 74.8±4.7 years from the AGES-Reykjavik Study. At baseline, maximal isometric thigh strength (dynamometer chair), and midthigh muscle area and muscle fat infiltration were assessed with computed tomography. Usual 6 m gait speed and mobility disability were assessed at baseline and after 5.2±0.3 years. Incident mobility disability was defined as having much difficulty or unable to walk 500 m or climb-up 10 steps. A decrease of ≥0.1 m/s in gait speed was considered clinically relevant. RESULTS: Greater strength and area were protective for mobility disability risk and gait speed decline. After adjustment for other muscle components, greater strength was independently associated with lower mobility disability risk in women odds ratios (OR) 0.78 (95% CI 0.62, 0.99), and lower decline in gait speed risk among both men OR 0.64 (0.54, 0.76), and women OR 0.72 (0.62, 0.82). Larger muscle area was independently associated with lower mobility disability risk in women OR 0.67 (0.52, 0.87) and lower decline in gait speed risk in men OR 0.74 (0.61, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Greater muscle strength and area were independently associated with 15-30% decreased risk of mobility disability in women and gait speed decline in men. Among women, greater muscle strength was also associated with lower risk of gait speed decline. Interventions aimed at maintaining muscle strength and area in old age might delay functional decline.
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Myosteatosis is associated with greater risk of mortality, even after adjusting for muscle mass.
“Myosteatosis’ association with greater risk of mortality has been observed in several large studies, even after adjusting for muscle mass.”
From Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging (2020) · cites this paper as Reinders et al., 2015
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Medical Sciences Table of Contents
(2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu305
Fonseca, A. M. (2017) · Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto · doi:10.5628/rpcd.17.s5a.11
Body Composition in Geriatric Patients
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Lanza, M. B., Guerrero, M. B., Gray, V. L., & Simonsick, E. M. (2026) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2026.02.005
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Tatsuki, O., Onishi, Y., & Ikenoue, T. (2026) · Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_17_25
- Authors
- Reinders, I., Murphy, R. A., Koster, A., Brouwer, I. A., Visser, M., Garcia, M. E., Launer, L. J., Siggeirsdottir, K., Eiriksdottir, G., Jonsson, P. V., Gudnason, V., & Harris, T. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Corresponding author
- Reinders, Ilse
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-03-07
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1030-1036
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4506318
- OpenAlex
- W2071665447
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hjartavernd (N01-AG-1-2100)
- National Institutes of Health (n01ag12100-57-0-2, N01-AG-1-2100)
- National Institute on Aging (N01-AG12100)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- muscle quality, muscle fat infiltration, thigh muscle strength, mobility impairment, gait speed decline, aging, older adults, sex differences, functional decline
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Aged, Aging, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Gene-Environment Interaction
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