The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 19 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions
Open accessAbstract
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2010 estimated the GBD attributable to 15 categories of skin disease from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries. For each of the following diseases, we performed systematic literature reviews and analyzed resulting data: eczema, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, pruritus, alopecia areata, decubitus ulcer, urticaria, scabies, fungal skin diseases, impetigo, abscess, and other bacterial skin diseases, cellulitis, viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, and non-melanoma skin cancer. We used disability estimates to determine nonfatal burden. Three skin conditions, fungal skin diseases, other skin and subcutaneous diseases, and acne were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases worldwide in 2010, and eight fell into the top 50; these additional five skin problems were pruritus, eczema, impetigo, scabies, and molluscum contagiosum. Collectively, skin conditions ranged from the 2nd to 11th leading cause of years lived with disability at the country level. At the global level, skin conditions were the fourth leading cause of nonfatal disease burden. Using more data than has been used previously, the burden due to these diseases is enormous in both high- and low-income countries. These results argue strongly to include skin disease prevention and treatment in future global health strategies as a matter of urgency.
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Claims the paper makes
16 Own method · 14 Own result · 13 Not checked yet · 5 No basis given · 3 Own interpretation
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the high burden of disability related to eczema remains consistent globally.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, skin conditions ranged from being the 2nd to 11th leading cause of years lived with disability at the country level for 2010; they range from 3rd to 28th, taking into account premature deaths.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, and the tropical Americas, skin infections assume a higher proportion of the disease burden (Leekassa et al., 2005;Steer et al., 2009).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Leekassa et al., 2005
- Not checked yetcites Steer et al., 2009 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Singapore, Brunei, Hungary, and Sudan experienced the most nonfatal skin disease burden per capita in both 1990 and 2010, and Albania, Lithuania, Romania, and Indonesia the least.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Singapore, Brunei, Hungary, and Sudan experienced the most nonfatal skin disease burden per capita in both 1990 and 2010, and Albania, Lithuania, Romania, and Indonesia the least.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Across specific causes, ages, and regions, burden is higher among females.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, skin conditions were the 4th leading cause of nonfatal burden expressed as years lost due to disability in 2010; taking into account health loss due to premature death expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), skin remains the 18th leading cause of health burden worldwide (Tables 1 and 2).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The leading cause of skin condition DALYs is eczema, when looking across countries, ages, sex, and time because of the combined high prevalence across geographies and population and relatively high average disability weight.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vos et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three skin conditions, fungal skin diseases, other skin and subcutaneous diseases, and acne were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases worldwide in 2010, and eight fell into the top 50; these additional five skin problems were pruritus, eczema, impetigo, scabies, and molluscum contagiosum.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- Probably not a substantial claim. 21
In the paper
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vos et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are further five skin diseases in the top 50 most common causes of diseasepruritus (global prevalence ¼ 279,889,120), eczema (global prevalence ¼ 229,761,000), impetigo (global prevalence ¼ 140,495,000), molluscum contagiosum/warts (global prevalence ¼ 122,601,000), and scabies (global prevalence ¼ 100,625,000).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is also a high burden of skin disease in the elderly above the age of 70 years, where eczema, ulceration, other skin conditions, NMSC, infections, and pruritus are key problems.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates differ substantially by cause across regions: western Europe has the highest prevalence rate for pruritus but the lowest for scabies and eastern sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates of cellulitis, fungal skin disease, and viral warts but the lowest rates of urticaria.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability due to skin disease
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By age 1 year, skin problems already assume importance as a reason for disability with high levels seen in teenage years.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are further five skin diseases in the top 50 most common causes of diseasepruritus (global prevalence ¼ 279,889,120), eczema (global prevalence ¼ 229,761,000), impetigo (global prevalence ¼ 140,495,000), molluscum contagiosum/warts (global prevalence ¼ 122,601,000), and scabies (global prevalence ¼ 100,625,000).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are further five skin diseases in the top 50 most common causes of diseasepruritus (global prevalence ¼ 279,889,120), eczema (global prevalence ¼ 229,761,000), impetigo (global prevalence ¼ 140,495,000), molluscum contagiosum/warts (global prevalence ¼ 122,601,000), and scabies (global prevalence ¼ 100,625,000).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010-fungal skin diseases (4th global prevalence ¼ 984,290,432), other skin and subcutaneous diseases (5th), and acne vulgaris (8th global prevalence ¼ 645,499,136; Vos et al., 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vos et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are further five skin diseases in the top 50 most common causes of diseasepruritus (global prevalence ¼ 279,889,120), eczema (global prevalence ¼ 229,761,000), impetigo (global prevalence ¼ 140,495,000), molluscum contagiosum/warts (global prevalence ¼ 122,601,000), and scabies (global prevalence ¼ 100,625,000).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are further five skin diseases in the top 50 most common causes of diseasepruritus (global prevalence ¼ 279,889,120), eczema (global prevalence ¼ 229,761,000), impetigo (global prevalence ¼ 140,495,000), molluscum contagiosum/warts (global prevalence ¼ 122,601,000), and scabies (global prevalence ¼ 100,625,000).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To ensure uniformity of investigational approach, training was provided by the Institute of Health Metrics, and participants used a common procedure manual.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inclusion criteria were studies that were published between 1980 and 2010 that provided data on relevant disease incidence or prevalence.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Search strategy for identification of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It pervades all cultures, occurs at all ages, and affects between 30% and 70% of individuals, with even higher rates in at-risk subpopulations (NHANES, 1978;Bickers et al., 2006;Scholfield et al., 2009;Hay and Fuller, 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites NHANES, 1978
- Not checked yetcites Bickers et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Scholfield et al., 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data were analyzed using a Baysian meta-regression tool, described below, to harmonize discordant data where multiple estimates were available as well as fill in gaps in geography, time, or age-sex groups, where data were lacking.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disability was derived from an analysis of the comparative impact of the direct disabling consequences of skin disease such as itch and disfigurement against other conditions through a disability weights survey, which involved the use of international panels of volunteers, a telephone-based survey, and a web-based tool.Consistency was demonstrated among all six sources (Salomon et al., 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salomon et al., 2012 source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of age ranges, design of surveys, and even case definitions, data sources did not follow a uniform approach.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both measures are applied to whole populations without differentiating for potential variables such as social class or environment.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Social factors such as poverty, affluence, inequality, education, and access to health care all have an important role in the epidemiology of skin disease (NHANES, 1978;Williams et al., 1994;Gibbs, 1996;Figueroa et al., 1998;Scholfield et al., 2009).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Analysis of data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites NHANES, 1978
- Not checked yetcites Williams et al., 1994
- Not checked yetcites Gibbs, 1996 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Skin diseases of similar severities and extents will affect different subject's lives in strikingly different ways, but for consistency and because of data limitations, the disability weights were defined as such.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Disability
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study group also found, as anticipated, that there were substantial areas of missing and variable quality data at the regional level.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The GBD 2010 Skin Conditions Expert Group provided the lead in data collection and disease consultation for all analyses.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies were excluded for the following reasons: Data in study were self-reported unless it had been validated by the diagnosis of a trained physician”
- Also stated in: § Search strategy for identification of studies · plain
“Sample size smaller than 100 Experimental arm of a clinical trial Papers that provided estimates rather than data”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Search strategy for identification of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Search strategy for identification of studies · plain
In the paper
“Children and their families often bear the brunt of this disease burden (Mahe, 2005).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mahe, 2005
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reviews were carried out in three stages: Round (1): Title/abstract review of hits from searches of medical literature databases.”
- Also stated in: § Search strategy for identification of studies · plain
“Round (2): Whole article review of hits remaining after Round 1. Round (3): Evaluation of articles remaining after Round 2 using agreed quality criteria.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Search strategy for identification of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § Search strategy for identification of studies · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data were collected in a two stage literature review.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Search strategy for identification of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ultimately, 895 country-years of data were used, covering 82 countries.Individual cause models used from 16 to 155 country-years worth of data.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Search strategy for identification of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Previously reported GBD estimated annual deaths for skin disease included 66.5 Â 10 3 from bacterial skin infections such as cellulitis and 30.6 Â 10 3 from NMSC (Lozano et al., 2012).”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Key prevalence findings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lozano et al., 2012 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Standardized disease definitions were established in several ways.For instance, with atopic dermatitis, within the broader heading of eczema, definitions such as the UK working party definition of AD were used (Williams et al., 1994).Likewise in NMSC histopathological confirmation was required.Elsewhere, the diagnosis of a trained health worker was the standard case definition.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > MATERIALS AND METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Williams et al., 1994
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The classification of skin disease was derived from International Classification of Disease 10, which led to the inclusion of most diseases seen in dermatology clinics under skin, but other skin problems under other medical specialities.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this can now be contextualized with all other disease to show that skin conditions are both widespread and among the most prevalent and disabling diseases, and a source of considerable loss of healthy life.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lower burden due to skin infection in the high-income Asian region highlights the impact of poverty in addition to climate in defining risk.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each of the following diseases, we performed systematic literature reviews and analyzed resulting data: eczema, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, pruritus, alopecia areata, decubitus ulcer, urticaria, scabies, fungal skin diseases, impetigo, abscess, and other bacterial skin diseases, cellulitis, viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, and non-melanoma skin cancer.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the impact of skin diseases must be viewed in terms of local health needs, as regional variations in disability may reflect differences in both prevalence and availability of health care.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The team reviewed world literature and databases for incidence, prevalence, and remission rates, using acceptable case definitions and stringent criteria for validity of data collection.”
§ The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Skin disease receives comparatively little attention in national and global health policy discussions.
“Yet despite this profound impact, skin disease continues to receive relatively little attention in the national or global health debate.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A few skin conditions account for most of the skin disease burden.
“a pattern dominated by a few conditions accounting for most of the skin disease burden.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Among the challenges in this field are the vast range of skin pathologies, with more than 2000 recognized skin diseases spanning from inflammatory dermatoses, infections, deposit disease, and neoplastic lesions [1].”
From Artificial Intelligence in Dermatopathology: An Update and Review of the Current Literature (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“These models have been proven to provide high sensitivity in the identification of malignant tumors and differentiation of various skin diseases thus being useful for dermatologists (6, 39, 40).”
From Revolutionizing dermatopathology using AI in skin diagnostics: scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“skin and subcutaneous disorders were the 4th leading cause of nonfatal disease burden worldwide in 2010 and 2013”
From Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“the GBD is based on the ICD classification system, which leads to categorization of certain skin conditions under other entities, for example, melanoma is classified under “cancer.””
From Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The effects of skin conditions on QoL in resource-replete settings is profound and well-documented”
From Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“the dermatological manifestations of systemic illnesses are not necessarily individually categorized; the burden of lupus erythematosus is therefore entirely included under that of musculoskeletal disease”
From Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hay, R. J., Johns, N. E., Williams, H. C., Bolliger, I. W., Dellavalle, R. P., Margolis, D. J., Marks, R., Naldi, L., Weinstock, M. A., Wulf, S. K., Michaud, C., J.L. Murray, C., & Naghavi, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Denver VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Skin and Cancer Foundation (AU)
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII (IT)
- Brown University (US)
- China Medical Board (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hay, Roderick J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1527-1534
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051521434
- Semantic Scholar
- 5f720423986eece0d00d0b522e9e594f0a7ca829
- Cited by
- 1,706
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 144 · 2025: 178 · 2024: 185 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 201 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 166 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 21
- FWCI
- 64.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- skin diseases, global burden of disease, prevalence, years lived with disability, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, pruritus, alopecia areata, pressure ulcers, urticaria, scabies, fungal skin infection, impetigo, bacterial skin infections, cellulitis, viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, non-melanoma skin cancer
- MeSH terms
- Dermatology, Female, Disabled Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Male, Mortality, Skin, Skin Diseases, Skin Neoplasms, Global Health, Prevalence, Cost of Illness, Quality-Adjusted Life Years
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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