Apolipoprotein E Protects against Neuropathology Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Maintains the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Aging
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Summary The present study provides evidence that chronic intake of a high-fat diet induces a dramatic extravasation of immunoglobulins, indicating alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) functioning, in the brains of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice, but not of C57Bl/6 control mice. Using sodium fluorescein as a marker for the permeability of the BBB, we found additional support for age-related disturbances of BBB function in apoE-knockout mice. Behavioral analysis of apoE-knockout mice compared with C57Bl/6 mice indicated that they were also less efficient in acquiring the spatial Morris water maze task. Furthermore, apoE-knockout mice are known to develop severe atherosclerosis, which is exacerbated with a high-fat diet. We therefore compared the apoE-knockout mice with the apoE3-Leiden transgenic mice, which are known to develop atherosclerosis. However, apoE3-Leiden mice that were kept on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and that developed atherosclerosis to an extent similar to the apoE-knockout mice, showed no signs of BBB disturbances. These results indicate for the first time that apoE plays an essential role in the maintenance of the integrity of the BBB during aging and that it protects the brain from neuropathology induced by a high-fat diet. We therefore hypothesize that the role of apoE in the maintenance of the integrity of the BBB may be the mechanism by which apoE affects the progression of neurodegeneration, as seen in Alzheimer's disease.
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Transgenic mice lacking Apoe develop an early BBB breakdown.
“Transgenic mice lacking Apoe also develop an early BBB breakdown (60, 99, 147, 187, 226, 233, 406, 426, 437, 554), indicating that APOE is essential for maintaining BBB integrity.”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [426]
The Results report evidence of BBB disruption in 11-month-old apoE-knockout mice, supporting the breakdown portion of the claim. But they found no BBB-integrity difference at 3 months and state that alterations occur in older animals, so this source does not support calling the breakdown early. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Mulder, M., Blokland, A., van den Berg, D.-J., Schulten, H., Bakker, A. H. F., Terwel, D., Honig, W., de Kloet, E. R., Havekes, L. M., Steinbusch, H. W. M., & de Lange, E. C. M.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mulder, Monique
- Venue
- Laboratory Investigation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 953-960
- ISSN
- 0023-6837 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988157639
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Laboratory Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hersenstichting
- Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (98505)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, blood-brain barrier, high-fat diet, aging, blood-brain barrier permeability, fluorescein, atherosclerosis, ApoE-deficient mice, spatial learning, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Blood-Brain Barrier, Dietary Fats, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Transgenic, Mice, Knockout, Mice
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