1H-MRS at 4 Tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
We investigated glutamate-related neuronal dysfunction in the anterior cingulate (AC) early in schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. A total of 14 minimally treated schizophrenia patients and 10 healthy subjects were studied with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the AC, frontal white matter and thalamus at 4 T. Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and Gln/Glu ratios were determined and corrected for the partial tissue volume. Patients were treated with antipsychotic medication following a specific algorithm and (1)H-MRS was repeated after 1, 6 and 12 months. There were group x region interactions for baseline NAA (P=0.074) and Gln/Glu (P=0.028): schizophrenia subjects had lower NAA (P=0.045) and higher Gln/Glu (P=0.006) in the AC before treatment. In addition, AC Gln/Glu was inversely related to AC NAA in the schizophrenia (P=0.0009) but not in the control group (P=0.92). Following antipsychotic treatment, there were no further changes in NAA, Gln/Glu or any of the other metabolites in any of the regions studied. We conclude that early in the illness, schizophrenia patients already show abnormalities in glutamatergic metabolism and reductions in NAA consistent with glutamate-related excitotoxicity.
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Long-lasting effects of antipsychotic medication have not been found in human studies so far.
“However, long-lasting effects of antipsychotic medication have not been found in human studies so far.28,34”
From Glutamate in Schizophrenia: A Focused Review and Meta-Analysis of 1H-MRS Studies (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Bustillo, J. R., Rowland, L. M., Mullins, P., Jung, R., Chen, H., Qualls, C., Hammond, R., Brooks, W. M., & Lauriello, J.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bustillo, J R
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2009-11-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 629-636
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC2892215
- OpenAlex
- W2057429979
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH084898)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 039123, R01NS039123)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, early schizophrenia, glutamate, glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, excitotoxicity, anterior cingulate cortex, antipsychotic drugs, frontal white matter, thalamus, brain metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aspartic Acid, Female, Frontal Lobe, Glutamine, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Schizophrenia, Thalamus, Time Factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Glutamic Acid
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