Cited by 4,221Advanced Glycation End Products researchImmune Response and InflammationCell death mechanisms and regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation

Abstract

High mobility group 1 (HMGB1) protein is both a nuclear factor and a secreted protein. In the cell nucleus it acts as an architectural chromatin-binding factor that bends DNA and promotes protein assembly on specific DNA targets. Outside the cell, it binds with high affinity to RAGE (the receptor for advanced glycation end products) and is a potent mediator of inflammation. HMGB1 is secreted by activated monocytes and macrophages, and is passively released by necrotic or damaged cells. Here we report that Hmgb1(-/-) necrotic cells have a greatly reduced ability to promote inflammation, which proves that the release of HMGB1 can signal the demise of a cell to its neighbours. Apoptotic cells do not release HMGB1 even after undergoing secondary necrosis and partial autolysis, and thus fail to promote inflammation even if not cleared promptly by phagocytic cells. In apoptotic cells, HMGB1 is bound firmly to chromatin because of generalized underacetylation of histone and is released in the extracellular medium (promoting inflammation) if chromatin deacetylation is prevented. Thus, cells undergoing apoptosis are programmed to withhold the signal that is broadcast by cells that have been damaged or killed by trauma.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature00858

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Metadata

Authors
Scaffidi, P., Misteli, T., & Bianchi, M. E.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
Corresponding author
Bianchi, Marco E.
Venue
Nature
Published
2002-07-11
Volume
418
Issue
6894
Pages
191-195
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2004266769
Cited by
4,221
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 104 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 233 · 2020: 204 · 2019: 196 · 2018: 211 · 2017: 205 · 2016: 228 · 2015: 253 · 2014: 276 · 2013: 261 · 2012: 230
FWCI
47.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2010-09-30)
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Keywords
HMGB1, necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, chromatin, histone acetylation, RAGE, extracellular HMGB1 release, secondary necrosis, phagocytosis, damage-associated molecular patterns
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Animals, Cell Survival, Chromatin, HeLa Cells, Humans, Inflammation, Necrosis, Protein Binding, Apoptosis, Gene Deletion, HMGB1 Protein, Rats

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