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Designing materials for biology and medicine
Abstract
Biomaterials have played an enormous role in the success of medical devices and drug delivery systems. We discuss here new challenges and directions in biomaterials research. These include synthetic replacements for biological tissues, designing materials for specific medical applications, and materials for new applications such as diagnostics and array technologies.
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“Fillers such as indocyanine green and Epolight 4121, gold particles [423,424], conductive ceramics, carbon blacks, nanotubes, and even ink [425] may be incorporated in SMPs to improve the heating efficiency [149,311,416,426,427].”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [149]
In the citing paper
“Protein-based hydrogels can be outfitted with a broad range of chemical functionalities by introducing noncanonical amino acids208,209; they can also be readily tailored to a wide variety of biomedical contexts210,211 and made thermally responsive212,213.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [210]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Langer, R., & Tirrell, D. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Tirrell, David A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-04-01
- Volume
- 428
- Issue
- 6982
- Pages
- 487-492
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2154157809
- Cited by
- 3,198
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 193 · 2017: 194 · 2016: 219 · 2015: 194 · 2014: 212 · 2013: 196 · 2012: 197
- FWCI
- 21.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Keywords
- biomaterials, tissue engineering, medical devices, drug delivery systems, medical diagnostics, microarray
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Humans, Medicine, Tissue Engineering, Protein Array Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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