Cited by 289Pleistocene-Era Hominins and ArchaeologyForensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology StudiesEvolution and Paleontology Studies

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Surprisingly rapid growth in Neanderthals

Ramirez Rozzi, Fernando V., Bermudez de Castro, José Maria·2004·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature02428

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Abstract

Life-history traits correlate closely with dental growth, so differences in dental growth within Homo can enable us to determine how somatic development has evolved and to identify developmental shifts that warrant species-level distinctions. Dental growth can be determined from the speed of enamel formation (or extension rate). We analysed the enamel extension rate in Homo antecessor (8 teeth analysed), Homo heidelbergensis (106), Homo neanderthalensis ('Neanderthals'; 146) and Upper Palaeolithic-Mesolithic Homo sapiens (100). Here we report that Upper Palaeolithic-Mesolithic H. sapiens shared an identical dental development pattern with modern humans, but that H. antecessor and H. heidelbergensis had shorter periods of dental growth. Surprisingly, Neanderthals were characterized by having the shortest period of dental growth. Because dental growth is an excellent indicator of somatic development, our results suggest that Neanderthals developed faster even than their immediate ancestor, H. heidelbergensis. Dental growth became longer and brain size increased from the Plio-Pleistocene in hominid evolution. Neanderthals, despite having a large brain, were characterized by a short period of development. This autapomorphy in growth is an evolutionary reversal, and points strongly to a specific distinction between H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis.

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Authors: Ramirez Rozzi, F. V., & Bermudez de Castro, J. M.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 428
Issue: 6986
Pages: 936-939
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature02428
OpenAlex: W1988053700
Cited by: 289
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 141.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Keywords: Neanderthals, tooth growth, amelogenesis, life-history traits, Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis, human, physical growth, brain size, hominid evolution, species distinction
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Cuspid, Dental Enamel, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Humans, Time Factors, Hominidae, Sample Size, History, Ancient

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Surprisingly rapid growth in Neanderthals

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