Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history
Open accessAbstract
From birth to adulthood, the human brain expands by a factor of 3.3, compared with 2.5 in chimpanzees [DeSilva J and Lesnik J (2006) Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain growth in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 51: 207-212]. How the required extra amount of human brain growth is achieved and what its implications are for human life history and cognitive development are still a matter of debate. Likewise, because comparative fossil evidence is scarce, when and how the modern human pattern of brain growth arose during evolution is largely unknown. Virtual reconstructions of a Neanderthal neonate from Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia) and of two Neanderthal infant skeletons from Dederiyeh Cave (Syria) now provide new comparative insights: Neanderthal brain size at birth was similar to that in recent Homo sapiens and most likely subject to similar obstetric constraints. Neanderthal brain growth rates during early infancy were higher, however. This pattern of growth resulted in larger adult brain sizes but not in earlier completion of brain growth. Because large brains growing at high rates require large, late-maturing, mothers [Leigh SR and Blomquist GE (2007) in Campbell CJ et al. Primates in perspective; pp 396-407], it is likely that Neanderthal life history was similarly slow, or even slower-paced, than in recent H. sapiens.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cranial capacity is smaller in anatomically modern humans than in their most closely related extinct relatives.
“and our cranial capacity [24].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
A slower pace of growth provides an opportunity for shifts in both the rate and timing of brain growth.
“Moreover, a slower pace of growth provides an opportunity for shifts in both the rate and timing of brain growth(4-6, 15).”
From The growth pattern of Neandertals, reconstructed from a juvenile skeleton from El Sidrón (Spain) (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
Cites
Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13158 · Cited by 5,552 · see citing works
Statistical shape analysis: clustering, learning, and testing
Srivastava, A., Joshi, S. K., Mio, W., & Liu, X. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2005.86 · Cited by 2,728 · see citing works
Developmental juvenile osteology.
Hall, C. M. (2001) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.83b3.0830464b · Cited by 1,429 · see citing works
Developmental Juvenile Osteology
(2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-624000-9.x5000-x · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo.
Ruff, C. B., Trinkaus, E., & Holliday, T. W. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387173a0 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain development in premature and mature newborns
Hüppi, P. S., Warfield, S. K., Kikinis, R., Barnes, P. D., Zientara, G. P., Jolesz, F. A., Tsuji, M. K., & Volpe, J. J. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430213 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Cords, M. (2007) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9131-y · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus
Ovchinnikov, I. V., Götherström, A., Romanova, G. P., Kharitonov, V. M., Lidén, K., & Goodwin, W. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35006625 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Fazekas, I. G., & Kósa, F. (1978) · REAL-EOD (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Information Center Oriental Collection) · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins
Dean, C., Leakey, M. G., Reid, D., Schrenk, F., Schwartz, G. T., Stringer, C., & Walker, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414628a · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Microcephalin , a Gene Regulating Brain Size, Continues to Evolve Adaptively in Humans
Evans, P. D., Gilbert, S. L., Mekel-Bobrov, N., Vallender, E. J., Anderson, J. R., Vaezazizi, L. M., Tishkoff, S. A., Hudson, R. R., & Lahn, B. T. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113722 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton
(1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10382-1 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Ubelaker, D. H. V. (1978) · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Ongoing Adaptive Evolution of ASPM , a Brain Size Determinant in Homo sapiens
Mekel-Bobrov, N., Gilbert, S. L., Evans, P. D., Vallender, E. J., Anderson, J. R., Hudson, R. R., Tishkoff, S. A., & Lahn, B. T. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1116815 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Brain growth, life history, and cognition in primate and human evolution
LEIGH, S. R. (2004) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20012 · Cited by 374 · cited 13× · see citing works
“Data for age-related modern human brain size variation are from various sources (2, 48, 49) representing European and African populations.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHominin life history: reconstruction and evolution
Robson, S. L., & Wood, B. (2008) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00867.x · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Biomechanics of the hip and birth in early Homo
Ruff, C. B. (1995) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330980412 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Neanderthal cranial ontogeny and its implications for late hominid diversity
de León, M. S. P., & Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35087573 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Evolution of Human Life History
Hawkes, K., & Paine, R. R. (2006) · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early <i>Homo sapiens</i>
Smith, T. M., Tafforeau, P., Reid, D. J., Grün, R., Eggins, S., Boutakiout, M., & Hublin, J.-J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Dai, M., Kurtek, S., Klassen, E. P., & Srivastava, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03243-2_778-1 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Primate life history and evolution
DeRousseau, C. J. (1990) · Wiley-Liss eBooks · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Surprisingly rapid growth in Neanderthals
Ramirez Rozzi, F. V., & Bermudez de Castro, J. M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02428 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
How Neanderthal molar teeth grew
Macchiarelli, R., Bondioli, L., Debénath, A., Mazurier, A., Tournepiche, J.-F., Birch, W., & Dean, C. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05314 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Early brain growth in Homo erectus and implications for cognitive ability
Coqueugniot, H., Hublin, J., Veillon, F., Houët, F., & Jacob, T. J. T. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02852 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Toward A Life History of the Hominidae
Smith, B. H., & Tompkins, R. L. (1995) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001353 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Life history trade-offs explain the evolution of human pygmies
Migliano, A. B., Vinicius, L., & Lahr, M. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0708024105 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Bipedalism and human birth: The obstetrical dilemma revisited
Rosenberg, K. E., & Trevathan, W. R. (1995) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.1360040506 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Human brain evolution in an ecological context
Martin, R. D. (1982) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16635968 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Reciprocal evolution of the cerebellum and neocortex in fossil humans
Weaver, A. H. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0500692102 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal
Smith, T. M., Toussaint, M., Reid, D. J., Olejniczak, A. J., & Hublin, J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707051104 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Tooth microstructure tracks the pace of human life-history evolution
Dean, C. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3583 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Zihlman, A. L., Bolter, D. R., & Boesch, C. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402635101 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Virtual reconstruction: a primer in computer-assisted paleontology and biomedicine
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-3408 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mezmaiskaya Cave: A Neanderthal Occupation in the Northern Caucasus
Golovanova, L. V., Hoffecker, J. F., Kharitonov, V. M., & Romanova, G. P. (1999) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/515805 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Anterior tooth growth periods in Neandertals were comparable to those of modern humans
Guatelli‐Steinberg, D., Reid, D. J., Bishop, T. A., & Larsen, C. S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503108102 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain growth in Homo erectus
DeSilva, J. M., & Lesnik, J. J. (2006) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.05.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wang, H., Lim, P. J., Yin, C., Rieckher, M., Vogel, B. E., & Monteiro, M. J. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl017 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo
(2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542565 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Normal variants of Microcephalin and ASPM do not account for brain size variability
Woods, R. P., Freimer, N. B., Young, J. A. D., Fears, S. C., Sicotte, N. L., Service, S. K., Valentino, D. J., Toga, A. W., & Mazziotta, J. C. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl126 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: IS BIGGER BETTER?
Henneberg, M. (1998) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02289.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Reconstruction of the Pelvis
Walker, A., & Ruff, C. B. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10382-1_10 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo
Anemone, R. L. (2004) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.04.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Akazawa, T., Muhesen, S., Dodo, Y., Kondo, O., & Mizoguchi, Y. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377585a0 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A lost Neanderthal neonate found
Maureille, B. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/419033a · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Brain ontogeny and life history in Homo erectus
Leigh, S. R. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.02.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Human encephalization and developmental timing
Vinicius, L. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.08.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Primate molar crown formation times and life history evolution revisited
Macho, G. A. (2001) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.1054 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Multiphasic Growth Models and the Evolution of Prolonged Growth Exemplified by Human Brain Evolution
Vrba, E. S. (1998) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1006/jtbi.1997.0549 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
New Discovery of a Neanderthal Child Burial from the Dederiyeh Cave in Syria
Akazawa, T., Muhesen, S., Ishida, H., Kondo, O., & Griggo, C. (1999) · Paléorient · doi:10.3406/paleo.1999.4691 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Absolute or proportional brain size: That is the question. A reply to Leigh's (2006) comments
Hublin, J., & Coqueugniot, H. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.08.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Semilandmarks: a method for quantifying curves and surfaces
Gunz, P., & Mitterœcker, P. (2013) · Bollettino del CILEA (CILEA) · doi:10.4404/hystrix-24.1-6292 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Affect Notch Signaling and Cortical Neurogenesis
Fiddes, I. T., Lodewijk, G. A., Mooring, M., Bosworth, C. M., Ewing, A. D., Mantalas, G. L., Novak, A. M., van den Bout, A., Bishara, A., Rosenkrantz, J. L., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.051 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Dediu, D., & Levinson, S. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00397 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
The evolution of modern human brain shape
Neubauer, S., Hublin, J.-J., & Gunz, P. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5961 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
The emergence of human uniqueness: Characters underlying behavioral modernity
Hill, K., Barton, M., & Hurtado, A. M. (2009) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.20224 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals
Smith, T. M., Tafforeau, P., Reid, D. J., Pouech, J., Lazzari, V., Zermeno, J. P., Guatelli-Steinberg, D., Olejniczak, A. J., Hoffman, A., Radovčić, J., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010906107 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Brain development after birth differs between Neanderthals and modern humans
Gunz, P., Neubauer, S., Maureille, B., & Hublin, J.-J. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.018 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Why Do Men Hunt?: A Reevaluation of “Man the Hunter” and the Sexual Division of Labor
Gurven, M., & Hill, K. (2009) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/595620 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Carter, A. M. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2011 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Body size and body shape in early hominins – implications of the Gona Pelvis
Ruff, C. B. (2009) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.10.003 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Wells, J. C. K., DeSilva, J. M., & Stock, J. T. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22160 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Maternal investment, life histories and the costs of brain growth in mammals
Barton, R. A., & Capellini, I. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1019140108 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Developmental evidence for obstetric adaptation of the human female pelvis
Huseynov, A., Zollikofer, C. P. E., Coudyzer, W., Gascho, D., Kellenberger, C. J., Hinzpeter, R., & de León, M. S. P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1517085113 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationGruss, L. T., & Schmitt, D. O. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0063 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Weaning behaviour in human evolution
Humphrey, L. (2009) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.11.003 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Gunz, P., Neubauer, S., Golovanova, L., Doronichev, V., Maureille, B., & Hublin, J.-J. (2012) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.013 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Neandertal birth canal shape and the evolution of human childbirth
Weaver, T. D., & Hublin, J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812554106 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Hominin taxic diversity: Fact or fantasy?
Wood, B., & K. Boyle, E. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22902 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain
Arsuaga, J. L., Carretero, J.-M., Lorenzo, C., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Pablos, A., Rodríguez, L., García-González, R., Bonmatí, A., Quam, R. M., Pantoja-Pérez, A., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1514828112 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A shift toward birthing relatively large infants early in human evolution.
DeSilva, J. M. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1003865108 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Bonmatí, A., Gómez‐Olivencia, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Carretero, J. M., Gràcia, A., Martı́nez, I., Lorenzo, C., de Castro, J. M. B., & Carbonell, E. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1012131107 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics
Theofanopoulou, C., Gastaldon, S., O’Rourke, T., Samuels, B. D., Messner, A., Martins, P. T., Delogu, F., Alamri, S., & Boeckx, C. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185306 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Brain ontogeny and life history in Pleistocene hominins
Hublin, J.-J., Neubauer, S., & Gunz, P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0062 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Schrier, J. E., Harper, J. S., Hankinson, G. J., Hulsebos, L., Povar, M. L., Mathiesen, E., & Schrier, A. M. (2009) · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The meaning of Neandertal skeletal morphology
Weaver, T. D. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903864106 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
An evolutionary anthropological perspective on modern human origins.
Marean, C. W. (2015) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-025954 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The evolution of hominin ontogenies
Zollikofer, C. P. E., & de León, M. S. P. (2009) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.10.012 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Importance of Early Experiences for Neuro-Affective Development
Tottenham, N. (2013) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2013_254 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
DUF1220-Domain Copy Number Implicated in Human Brain-Size Pathology and Evolution
Dumas, L., O’Bleness, M., Davis, J. M., Dickens, C. M., Anderson, N., Keeney, J., Jackson, J. B., Sikela, M., Raznahan, A., Giedd, J. N., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.016 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The Importance of Early Experiences for Neuro-Affective Development
Tottenham, N. (2013) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45758-0_254 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Pinhasi, R., Higham, T., Golovanova, L. V., & Doronichev, V. B. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1018938108 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Pelvic dimorphism in relation to body size and body size dimorphism in humans
Kurki, H. K. (2011) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.07.006 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Neoteny, Prolongation of Youth: From Naked Mole Rats to “Naked Apes” (Humans)
Skulachev, V. P., Holtze, S., Vyssokikh, M. Y., Bakeeva, L. E., Skulachev, M. V., Markov, A. V., Hildebrandt, T. B., & Садовничий, В. А. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2015 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The growth pattern of Neandertals, reconstructed from a juvenile skeleton from El Sidrón (Spain)
Rosas, A., Ríos, L., Estalrrich, A., Liversidge, H., García-Tabernero, A., Huguet, R., Cardoso, H., Bastir, M., Lalueza-Fox, C., de la Rasilla, M., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan6463 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Significance of Ecological Factors in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition
Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Cleghorn, N., Kulkova, M. A., Сапелко, Т. В., & Shackley, M. S. (2010) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/656185 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Gràcia, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Martı́nez, I., Lorenzo, C., Carretero, J. M., de Castro, J. M. B., & Carbonell, E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900965106 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Berge, C., & Goularas, D. (2010) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Review and meta-analysis of natural selection in mitochondrial complex I in metazoans
Garvin, M. R., Bielawski, J. P., Sazanov, L. A., & Gharrett, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/jzs.12079 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Evolution of invasive placentation with special reference to non-human primates
Carter, A. M., & Pijnenborg, R. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.010 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bony pelvic canal size and shape in relation to body proportionality in humans
Kurki, H. K. (2013) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22243 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Pandora's growing box: Inferring the evolution and development of hominin brains from endocasts
Zollikofer, C. P. E., & León, M. S. P. D. (2013) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21333 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth, Development, and Life History throughout the Evolution of<i>Homo</i>
Schwartz, G. T. (2012) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/667591 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The obstetrical dilemma hypothesis: there's life in the old dog yet
Haeusler, M., Grunstra, N. D. S., Martin, R. D., Krenn, V. A., Fornai, C., & Webb, N. M. (2021) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12744 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
DeSilva, J. M., Traniello, J. F. A., Claxton, A. G., & Fannin, L. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.742639 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Human Variation in Pelvic Shape and the Effects of Climate and Past Population History
Betti, L. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23542 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Laser Transfer of Metals and Metal Alloys for Digital Microfabrication of 3D Objects
Zenou, M., Sa'ar, A., & Kotler, Z. (2015) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201500612 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The postcranial dimensions of the La Chapelle‐aux‐saints 1 Neandertal
Trinkaus, E. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21528 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Fetal brain development in chimpanzees versus humans
Sakai, T., Hirata, S., Fuwa, K., Sugama, K., Kusunoki, K., Makishima, H., Eguchi, T., Yamada, S., Ogihara, N., & Takeshita, H. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.062 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The contribution of Neanderthal introgression to modern human traits
Reilly, P. F., Tjahjadi, A., Miller, S. L., Akey, J. M., & Tucci, S. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.027 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Energetic Competition Between Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans
Froehle, A. W., & Churchill, E. (2009) · Journal of Bioresource Management · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Endocasts: Possibilities and Limitations for the Interpretation of Human Brain Evolution
Neubauer, S. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000365276 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Evolution of Human Brain Development
Neubauer, S., & Hublin, J. (2011) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-011-9156-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Middle Childhood and Modern Human Origins
Thompson, J. L., & Nelson, A. J. (2011) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-011-9119-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Middle Pleistocene human facial morphology in an evolutionary and developmental context
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Harvati, K., & Hublin, J. (2012) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Betti, L., von Cramon‐Taubadel, N., Manica, A., & Lycett, S. J. (2014) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.021 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Energetics, Locomotion, and Female Reproduction: Implications for Human Evolution
Wall‐Scheffler, C. M. (2012) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145739 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Brain development is similar in Neanderthals and modern humans
Ponce de León, M. S., Bienvenu, T., Akazawa, T., & Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.022 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationFalk, D., Zollikofer, C. P. E., Morimoto, N., & de León, M. S. P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1119752109 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution, development, and plasticity of the human brain: from molecules to bones
Hrvoj-Mihić, B., Bienvenu, T., Stefanacci, L., Muotri, A. R., & Semendeferi, K. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00707 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dental development of the Taï Forest chimpanzees revisited
Smith, T. M., Smith, B. H., Reid, D. J., Siedel, H., Vigilant, L., Hublin, J.-J., & Boesch, C. (2010) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Living to fight another day: The ecological and evolutionary significance of Neanderthal healthcare
Spikins, P., Needham, A., Wright, B., Dytham, C., Gatta, M., & Hitchens, G. (2018) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Weaver, T. D., Coqueugniot, H., Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Maureille, B., & Hublin, J.-J. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1523677113 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Evaluating developmental shape changes in Homo antecessor subadult facial morphology
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Harvati, K., & Hublin, J.-J. (2013) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.012 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Systematic mapping of developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees
Bründl, A. C., Tkaczynski, P., Kohou, G. N., Boesch, C., Wittig, R. M., & Crockford, C. (2020) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12988 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Neandertals' large lower thorax may represent adaptation to high protein diet
Ben‐Dor, M., Gopher, A., & Barkai, R. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22981 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
New Insights Into Mid‐Late Pleistocene Fossil Hominin Paranasal Sinus Morphology
Zollikofer, C. P. E., de León, M. S. P., Schmitz, R. W., & Stringer, C. B. (2008) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.20779 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationDemography and the extinction of European Neanderthals
Sørensen, B. E. (2011) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2010.12.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hominins and the emergence of the modern human brain
de Sousa, A. A., & Cunha, E. M. (2012) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53860-4.00014-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Neanderthal genomics and the evolution of modern humans: Figure 1.Preprint
Noonan, J. P. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.076000.108 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of cranial integration on hominid endocranial shape
Zollikofer, C. P. E., Bienvenu, T., & de León, M. S. P. (2016) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12531 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationClaxton, A. G., Hammond, A. S., Romano, J., Олейник, Е. С., & DeSilva, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Brain Size Growth and Life History in Human Evolution
Leigh, S. R. (2012) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-012-9168-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
When did the modern human pattern of childbirth arise? New insights from an old Neandertal pelvis
Franciscus, R. G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903384106 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rozzi, F. V. R., d’Errico, F., Vanhaeren, M., Grootes, P. M., Kerautret, B., & Dujardin, V. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Guo, T., Winterburn, J. L., Pipitone, J., Duerden, E. G., Park, M. T. M., Chau, V., Poskitt, K. J., GRUNAU, R. E., Synnes, A. R., Miller, S. P., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.019 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Williams, A. C., Hill, L. J., & Ramsden, D. B. (2012) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2012/302875 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Endocranial ontogeny and evolution in early Homo sapiens : The evidence from Herto, Ethiopia
Zollikofer, C. P. E., Bienvenu, T., Beyene, Y., Suwa, G., Asfaw, B., White, T. D., & de León, M. S. P. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2123553119 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationCoqueugniot, H., & Hublin, J. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21655 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Neubauer, S., Gunz, P., Schwarz, U., Hublin, J., & Boesch, C. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21641 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Energetics and the Origin of Modern Humans
Froehle, A. W., Yokley, T. R., & Churchill, S. E. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118659991.ch8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
García‐Martínez, D., Bastir, M., Gómez‐Olivencia, A., Maureille, B., Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Akazawa, T., Kondo, O., Ishida, H., Gascho, D., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb4377 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationA neonatal perspective on Homo erectus brain growth
Cofran, Z., & DeSilva, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
García-Martínez, D., Torres-Tamayo, N., Torres-Sánchez, I., García-Río, F., Rosas, A., & Bastir, M. (2018) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0125-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Printable Device for Measuring Clarity and Colour in Lake and Nearshore Waters
Brewin, R. J. W., Brewin, T. G., Phillips, J., Rose, S., Anas, A., Wimmer, W., Sathyendranath, S., & Platt, T. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19040936 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Balzeau, A., Crevecoeur, I., Rougier, H., Froment, A., Gilissen, E., Grimaud-Hervé, D., Mennecier, P., & Semal, P. (2010) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2010.07.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Coquerelle, M., Bookstein, F. L., Braga, J., Halazonetis, D. J., & Weber, G. W. (2010) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01287.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hlusko, L. J. (2015) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2015.05.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Singleton, M. (2012) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-011-9153-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Virtual reconstruction of the Le Moustier 2 newborn skull.
Gunz, P., Neubauer, S., Maureille, B., & Hublin, J. (2011) · Paléo · doi:10.4000/paleo.2107 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba
Laudicina, N. M., Rodriguez, F., & DeSilva, J. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221871 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
DeSilva, J. M., Laudicina, N. M., Rosenberg, K. E., & Trevathan, W. R. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23573 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Cradle of Thought: Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal Children
Spikins, P., Hitchens, G., Needham, A., & Rutherford, H. (2014) · Oxford Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1111/ojoa.12030 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Evolution of the human birth canal
Mitterœcker, P., & Fischer, B. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.010 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Differences between Neandertal and modern human infant and child growth models
Martín-González, J. A., Mateos, A., Goikoetxea, I., Leonard, W. R., & Rodríguez, J. (2012) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Evolutionary origin of bipolar disorder-revised: EOBD-R
Sherman, J. A. (2011) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Paleolithic public goods games: why human culture and cooperation did not evolve in one step
Dubreuil, B. (2009) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-009-9177-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Paleobiology of Modern Human Emergence
Trinkaus, E. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118659991.ch12 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in ribcage kinematics of modern humans
García‐Martínez, D., Bastir, M., Torres‐Tamayo, N., O’Higgins, P., Torres‐Sánchez, I., Rio, F. G., & Heuzé, Y. (2019) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23829 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Development of Modular Organization in the Chimpanzee Pelvis
Huseynov, A., de León, M. S. P., & Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23548 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationLes hommes de Néandertal du Caucase du Nord : entre l’Ouest et l’Est
Golovanova, L. V. (2015) · L Anthropologie · doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2015.04.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ponce de León, M. S., Golovanova, L., Doronichev, V., Romanova, G., Akazawa, T., Kondo, O., Ishida, H., & Zollikofer, C. P. E.
- Affiliations
- *Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Prehistory, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Kochi University of Technology (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- University of the Ryukyus (JP)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Zollikofer, Christoph P. E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-09-16
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 13764-13768
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2533682
- OpenAlex
- W2007841729
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 108.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- Neanderthals, brain growth, human life history, cognitive development, virtual reconstruction, brain maturation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Biological Evolution, Female, Fossils, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Organ Size, Russia, Skeleton, Skull, Syria, Hominidae, Parturition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
